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Anatomy II > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

The reverse or catabolic reaction in which complex molecules are decomposed into simpler molecules and water is added to the resultant compounds is referred to as

A

Hydrolysis

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2
Q

The smallest unit of protein

A

Amino acids

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3
Q

The outer ring of electrons is responsible for bonding between atoms

A

Valence

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4
Q

An anabolic reaction in which complex molecules are formed from smaller molecules and water is removed in the bonding process is known as

A

Dehydration synthesis

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5
Q

The type of bond in which electrons are transferred between atoms

A

Ionic

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6
Q

The type of bond in which electrons are shared

A

Covalent

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7
Q

Water molecules are attracted to each other because of negative and positive “polar” ends. These vine are outside of the molecule and are known as

A

Hydrogen

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8
Q

What classification of proteins forms structural parts of the body such as muscle, tendon, ligaments, collagen, keratin, and elastin

A

Fibrous protein

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9
Q

What classification of protein forms enzymes, some hormones, and hemoglobin

A

Globular

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10
Q

What protein structural level would hemoglobin fit into

A

Quarternary

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11
Q

What is another name for the neutral lipids known as fats of oils

A

Trigycerides

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12
Q

What lipid forms the bi-lipid cell membrane

A

Phospholipid

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13
Q

What is the most important steroid molecule?

A

Cholesterol

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14
Q

The most important carbohydrate molecule for energy is called

A

Glucose

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15
Q

The molecule that is used to energize all cellular activities from energy stored in its phosphate bonds is called?

A

ATP

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16
Q

List the three “shapes” of epithelial tissue

A

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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17
Q

The epithelial surface that attaches to the underlying surface is the

A

Basement membrane

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18
Q

Alveoli are composed of _______ ________ epithelium

A

Simple squamous

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19
Q

Glands are considered _____ tissue

A

Epithelial

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20
Q

Connective tissues are composed of cells which secrete an extra cellular ______

A

Matrix

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21
Q

The type of bond in which electrons are transferred between atoms

A

Ionic

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22
Q

The type of bond in which electrons are shared

A

Covalent

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23
Q

Water molecules are attracted to each other because of negative and positive “polar” ends. These vine are outside of the molecule and are known as

A

Hydrogen

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24
Q

What classification of proteins forms structural parts of the body such as muscle, tendon, ligaments, collagen, keratin, and elastin

A

Fibrous protein

25
Q

What classification of protein forms enzymes, some hormones, and hemoglobin

A

Globular

26
Q

What protein structural level would hemoglobin fit into

A

Quarternary

27
Q

What is another name for the neutral lipids known as fats of oils

A

Trigycerides

28
Q

What lipid forms the bi-lipid cell membrane

A

Phospholipid

29
Q

What is the most important steroid molecule?

A

Cholesterol

30
Q

The most important carbohydrate molecule for energy is called

A

Glucose

31
Q

The molecule that is used to energize all cellular activities from energy stored in its phosphate bonds is called?

A

ATP

32
Q

List the three “shapes” of epithelial tissue

A

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar

33
Q

The epithelial surface that attaches to the underlying surface is the

A

Basement membrane

34
Q

Alveoli are composed of _______ ________ epithelium

A

Simple squamous

35
Q

Glands are considered _____ tissue

A

Epithelial

36
Q

Connective tissues are composed of cells which secrete an extra cellular ______

A

Matrix

37
Q

Most Ct fibers are composed of a strong, fibrous protein called ______ for strength and resilience, _____ fibers which allow for stretch. And _____ fibers which are finely woven

A

Collagen, Elastic, Reticular

38
Q

_____ CT contains cells located in lacunae which can only receive nutrients through diffusion

A

F

39
Q

Ligaments and tendons are examples of _____ regular fibrous CT

A

dense

40
Q

Three embryonic layers of tissue that form all tissues via specialization of cells; List layers from inner to outermost layer

A

Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

41
Q

Nerve tissue consists of two main cell types; neurons and _____ cells

A

neuroglia

42
Q

Intercalated disc are found in ____ muscle tissue

A

cardiac

43
Q

_____ muscle tissue cells are elongated, multi nucleated, and striated

A

skeletal

44
Q

_____ muscle tissue cells are spindle shaped and responsible for peristalsis

A

smooth

45
Q

The digestive tract is lined with

A

stratified squamous

46
Q

The trachea and bronchi are lined with

A

pseudo stratified

47
Q

The spinal nerves are bundles together to form a structure resembling a horse’s tail called the

A

caudal equina

48
Q

The grey matter of the spinal cord resembles a butterfly. The projection of wings

A

horns

49
Q

The center of the grey matter has an opening called the _____ _____ which carries CSF

A

central canal

50
Q

____ occurs when all four limbs are paralyzed

A

quadriplegia

51
Q

_____ occurs when only the lower limbs are paralyzed

A

paraplegia

52
Q

The spinal nerves are divided into sensory or ____ and motor or _____ roots

A

ventral, dorsal

53
Q

The white matter of the spinal cord represents _____ or pathways that run to and from the brain

A

tracts

54
Q

Nerves are bundles of neuron fibers. These bundles are surrounded by connective tissue coverings. List three CT coverings in order from outer to inner most

A

endonurium, perinurium, epinerium

55
Q

bundles of neuron fibers are called

A

neurons

56
Q

there are ___ pairs of cranial nerves

A

12

57
Q

Identify in order the three pairs of cranial nerves are sensory

A

I- Olfactory II-Optic VII-Vestibulocochlear

58
Q

Spinal nerves form roots or ___

A

rami

59
Q

The rami is divided into

A

ventral and dorsal roots

Anatomy II (8 decks)

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