Lecture 20 Pathology of CNS 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Autonomic nervous system?

A

Automatic, involuntary

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2
Q

Somatic nervous system?

A

Skeletal muscles, voluntary

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3
Q

What are the meninges role?

A

protective function and inportant in cerebrospinal fluid production

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4
Q

Meninges from outside to inside?

A

Dura, acachnoid and pia mater

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5
Q

What do the cerebral arteries supply?

A

A defined territory within the cerebral cortex

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6
Q

What can an increased intracranial pressure lead to?

A

Herniation (part of brain moves from one compartment of skull to another)

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7
Q

Where is the vomiting centre?

A

Medulla oblongata

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8
Q

What are the parts of the spinal cord top to bottom

A

Cervical (8), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum (5) and 1 coccygeal

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9
Q

What is the function of glial cells?

A

support neurons.

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10
Q

What are schwann cells and two types?

A

Forms mylin sheath. Astrocyte and oligodendrocytes

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11
Q

What does the pre-central gyrus involve?

A

motor cortex

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12
Q

What does the post-central gyrus involve?

A

sensory contrex

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13
Q

Where is the broca’s area and what does it do?

A

Frontal lob. Speech procduction

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14
Q

Where is the Wernicke’s area and what does it do?

A

Temporal lobe. Speech processing and comprehension

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15
Q

Damage to spinal cord at a specific levelwill cause?

A

A loss of function of spinal nerves below that level

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16
Q

What are focal neurological signs?

A

Set of symptoms or signs where cause is localised to specific site in CNS

17
Q

What is a generalised neurological abnormality?

A

An alteration in level of consciousness

18
Q

If anosmia what part of brain injured?

A

Frontal lobe

19
Q

If inappropriate emotions which part of brain is injured?

A

Frontal lobe

20
Q

If expressive dysphasia which part of brain is injured?

A

Frontal lobe (broca’s area)

21
Q

If motor impairment which part of brain is injured?

A

Frontal lobe

22
Q

If receptive dysphasia which part of brain is injured?

A

Parietal or temporal lobe

23
Q

If sensory impairment which part of brain is injured?

A

Parietal lobe

24
Q

If cortical deafness which part of brain is injured?

A

Temporal lobe

25
Q

What does frontal lobe control?

A

Emotional reactions, mortor cotex, generation of fluent speech (Broca’s area)

26
Q

What does the parietal lobe control?

A

Sensory info (has sensory cortex)

27
Q

What does the temporal lobe control?

A

Language, has auditory cortex, comprehension

28
Q

What is receptive dysphasia?

A

Difficulty in comprehension

29
Q

What is dysphasia?

A

Difficulting in putting words together

30
Q

Signs limited to a single dermatome or nerve root suggests?

A

Either a focal nerve root injury or injury to a peripheral nerve

31
Q

Complete paralysis of body and legs with maintained head and neck movement is caused by?

A

injury to cervical spine

32
Q

What dose a diffused neurological injury manifest as and what is it due to?

A

Impaired consciousness and due to intracranical pressure.

33
Q

What can cause a reduce in consciousness?

A

Trauma (obvious). Hypoxia, hypothermia (identified through basic obs). Hypo/hyperglycaemia, post epilepitic (require clinical history).

34
Q

What is the best GCS most response, verbal response, eye opening?

A

Obeys commands, orientated to time/place/person. Spontaneous eye opening