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BIOMECHANICS > Linear Kinematics > Flashcards

Linear Kinematics Flashcards

1
Q

What is linear motion

A

It occurs when all points on a body/object move the same distance/direction/time

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2
Q

What is linear motion also known as

A

Translation.

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3
Q

What is rectilinear translation

A

When all points in the body move in a straight line

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4
Q

What is motion

A

The action or process of a change in position

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5
Q

What type of motion is skating?

A

Rectilinear motion

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6
Q

What is displacement?

A

Displacement is 0 when you start and finish at the same position.

Eg. Run round 400m track.

However , displacement changes when you end in a different position.

Eg. Run 200m round a 400m track

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7
Q

Equation for impulse is?

A

Force x time

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8
Q

What is the Cartesian coordinate system for?

A

Provides a method of rendering graphs and indicating the positions of two points on a 2D surface or in a 3D space.

It’s used to define positions/origins

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9
Q

What is trojectory?

A

Path where object starts and lands

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10
Q

Identify the 3 mechanical factors of determining projectile motion

A

Speed
Height
Angle

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11
Q

State one mechanical factor that maximises range in trajectory

A

Speed

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12
Q

What landing Heigh is above 45

A

Negative

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13
Q

What landing heigh is 0

A

Positive

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14
Q

What’s a sporting example of negative landing height

A

Basketball throw

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15
Q

What is the definition of kinetics

A

Branch of mechanics of which forces are concerned

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16
Q

What is kinematics ?

A

Branch of mechanics concerned with motion of objects

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17
Q

How do you increase release speed

A

Kinetics ( force N.s)

Eg. Impulse ( force N.s x time)

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18
Q

What is force ?

A

Force = mass x acceleration

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19
Q

What are the basic kinetic concepts

A

Inertia
Mass
Weight

20
Q

What is inertia

A

Resistance to change

21
Q

What’s an example of inertia

A

An ice skater spinning round sticking her arms out increasing her inertia and increases her resistance to change. So she slows down

However , if she tucked her arms in decreases her inertia resulting in her speeding up.

22
Q

What is weight?

A

The measure of force of gravity acting on the object

23
Q

What is mass

A

The quantity of matter in an object

24
Q

How many Newton’s in 1kg?

A

9.81 Newton’s

25
Q

What is momentum

A

Product of mass and velocity of a body

26
Q

What’s the equation for momentum

A

Mass x velocity

27
Q

What’s is momentum measured in

A

Kg.m/s

28
Q

What’s impulse

A

Force x time

29
Q

What is impulse momentum relationship

A

So Impulse = force x time

Momentum = mass x velocity

So the change of momentum of a object is a result on an impulse being applied.

30
Q

What’s a sporting example of impulse momentum relationship

A

Javelin throw

Impulse= the arm is accelerated over a longer period of time

Resulting in a increased release of velocity (momentum)

Force x time (increases ) - mass x velocity (increases)

31
Q

What’s Newton’s first law

A

Inertia

Acceleration , deceleration and change of direction can not happen unless force is applied

32
Q

What is Newton’s 2nd law

A

Momentum

A force applied causes an acceleration of a body which has a size proportion to the force and occurs in the same direction of force

33
Q

What’s Newton’s 3rd law

A

Reaction

Every action has a reaction

34
Q

What is a moment

A

A moment is torque.

Torque = a turning effect produced by a force

35
Q

What’s a unit of torque

A

Newton.s

36
Q

What is friction

A

Coefficient of friction x normal reaction force

37
Q

What’s is static friction

A

When both forces are equal

38
Q

What’s rolling friction

A

A wheel rolling on the wall

39
Q

What is sliding friction

A

Skiing

40
Q

What is Coefficient restitution

A

The elasticity of two objects in collisions.

Eg. When a ball hits the wall

41
Q

How would you work out coefficient restitution of a ball being dropped

A

e= square root of height bounce / height drop

e =coefficient restitution

42
Q

How to work out impact.

Using a bat hitting a ball

A

EM = e x EM before.

43
Q

What are the factors affecting coefficient restitution

A 
Temperature
Impact velocity
Characteristics of the floor
Characteristics of the ball 
Height drop
44
Q

What is the equation for work

A

Work(J) =force x displacement

How much work is done from point a-b

45
Q

What are the types of energy

A

Kinetic (motion)

Potential

46
Q

What are the two types of potential energy

A

Gravitational

Strain

BIOMECHANICS (4 decks)

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