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Cliffnote CSET History > Early Civilizations > Flashcards

Early Civilizations Flashcards

1
Q

What were the 4 river valley civilizations

A
  1. Mesopotamia 2. Egypt 3. India 4. China
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2
Q

Where were the 4 major river systems located?

A
  1. Near east (Mesopotamia, Egyptish)
  2. Africa (Egypt)
  3. Asia (India and China)
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3
Q

Mesopotamia Location

A

Southwest Asia

Tigris and Euphrates rivers

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4
Q

Egypt Location

A

Northeastern Africa

Banks of the Nile River, Mediterranean, and red seas

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5
Q

India Location

A

Southern Asia

Indus and Ganges Rivers, Arabian Sea

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6
Q

China Location

A

East Asia

Yellow river

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7
Q

Mesopotamia STEM

A

Astrology and astronomy

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8
Q

Egypt STEM

A

Mathematics, engineering (the pyramids)

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9
Q

India STEM

A

Metallurgy (gold copper bronze tin)

Measurement (weight time length mass)

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10
Q

Mesopotamia LA

A

Writing (cuneiform), organized government, systemized religion (Zoroastrianism), written law code (Hammurabi’s code)

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11
Q

Egypt LA

A

Complex religion of gods, rituals, and governance (pharaoh), writing (hieroglyphics)

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12
Q

India LA

A

Urban culture, planned cities (citywide sanitation systems)

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13
Q

China LA

A

Writing, commerce, government

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14
Q

What allowed people to stop nomadic hunting and gathering

A

Domestication and cultivation of crops

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15
Q

The near east compromises——

A

The Tigris and Euphrates, the Fertile Crescent, and the Nile valley

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16
Q

Near east=first system of (gov)

A

Independent states

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17
Q

Architecture of the near east

A

Pyramids, Ziggurat

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18
Q

Nearest=1st codification —

A

Of law

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19
Q

Who were the creators of Mesopotamian civilization?

A

Sumerians

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20
Q

Mesopotamian civilization time frame

A

3500-3000bc

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21
Q

Mesopotamia technology advances

A
  1. Large scale irrigation projects

2. Invention of the wheel

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22
Q

Ziggurat

A

Center of community life and served as a temple storehouse an treasury (Mesopotamia)

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23
Q

Mesopotamia (1st empire established)

A
  1. 2371 bc

2. Established by Sargon

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24
Q

Babylonians conquered—–

A

Sumeria and established a new empire (2300-1750)

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25
Q

First universal codification of laws

A

Hammurabi (Babylonians)

26
Q

The Hittities (dates)

A

2000-1200bc

27
Q

The Hittities conquered

A

Much of Asia Minor and northern Mesopotamia

28
Q

Hittities war tech contribution

A

Iron smelting

29
Q

The Assyrians created an empire based on—–

A

Military superiority, conquest, ad terrorism

30
Q

Assyrian (dates)

A

911-550bc

31
Q

Assyrian urbanization

A

Postal service, extensive library, system of highways

32
Q

Assyrian government

A

Centralized government

33
Q

The Chaldeans established—–

A

The New Babylonian Empire

34
Q

New Babylonian empire was under (date as well)

A

Nebuchadnezzar (605-538)

Chaldean

35
Q

Chaldeans conquered what 3 areas

A
  1. Mesopotamia 2. Syria 3. Palestine
36
Q

Chaldean Science

A

Astronomy and astrology

37
Q

Chaldean GOV

A

Advanced government bureaucracy

38
Q

Persians attempted to—-

A

Unify all the near east under one rule in 500s bc

39
Q

Persian GOV

A

Established an international government

40
Q

Persian religion

A

Zoroastrianism (ethical religion based on the concepts of good and evil)

41
Q

Persia failed to conquer—-

A

The Greeks

42
Q

Who conquered Persia and when

A

Alexander the Great in 334-331 bc

43
Q

Alexander the Great

A

was a King (Basileus) of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty, an ancient Greek royal house

44
Q

Phoenicians

A

Small civilization in the near east
First explorers traders and colonizer a of the ancient world
Reached their peak in 1000bc

45
Q

Phoenician Commerce

A

Dominated Mediterranean commerce, exported manufactures glass and purple dye (royal purple)

46
Q

First true alphabet invented by the—-

A

Phoenicians

47
Q

Lydians occupied

A

Western Asia Minor in 500s bc

48
Q

King Croesus

A

Golden King, ruler when Lydians reached their peak

49
Q

Lydians economics

A

Responsible for the first coinage of money

50
Q

First lasting monotheism was established by the—-

A

Israelites

51
Q

Saul

A

(Israelites)
Established the first kingdom in Palestine
(1030-1010)

52
Q

Death of Solomon (when and what followed)

A
  • 922bc
  • hebrews were divided into two kingdoms
  • Israel
  • Judah
53
Q

Israelites disunity resulted in—-

A
  1. Destruction of Israel (722bc)

2. Destruction of Judah (586bc)

54
Q

Israelites revolted against whom in 70ad

A

Rome

55
Q

Result of Israelites revolt against Rome

A
  • Destruction of Jerusalem 70ad

* Forced dispersal of Jews from Palestine

56
Q

Forced dispersal of Jews from Palestine

A

*Jewish Diaspora ( 132-135ad)

57
Q

Egypt established a civilization where and when

A

Nile valley (3000bc)

58
Q

Egyptian life was dominated by—-

A

Concerns for the afterlife, religion, and the pharaoh

59
Q

Egyptian writing

A

Hieroglyphics

60
Q

Egyptian economics

A

Commerce flourished throughout:

  1. Arabia
  2. India
  3. Part of Africa
61
Q

Egyptian science

A

Medical I advancements and specialized surgery were biggest contributions

62
Q

Egyptian basis for sustained economy

A

Annual flooding of the Nile river

Cliffnote CSET History (7 decks)

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