Civil War

Question 1

Anaconda Plan

Answer 1

Union plan to slowly squeeze the south by blockading their Atlantic coast and on the Mississippi River, the north wanted to push the south into submission without actually sending in any soldiers

Question 2

Winfield Scott

Answer 2

General-in-chief who proposed the Anaconda Plan

Question 3

First Battle of Bull Run

Answer 3

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Question 4

Peninsular Campaign

Answer 4

McClellan kept on trying to bring his troops to take over Richmond(the Confederate Capital) but Lee kept on attacking him and sending him back, McClellan wasn’t trying to battle, he was trying to scare the south with his 120,000 troops, Lincoln eventually orders for the Union Army to pull back and stop attacking Richmond

Question 5

Seven Days

Answer 5

A series of battles of part of the Peninsular Campaign between Lee and McClellan, where Lee repeatedly won

Question 6

Second Battle of Bull Run

Answer 6

Robert E. Lee vs John Pope, Lee wins, which encourages Lincoln to abandon to Peninsular Campaign

Question 7

Battle of Antietam

Answer 7

South invaded the North in Maryland, Lee commanded the Confederate troops, the North pushed the South back

Question 8

Northern Virginia Battles

Answer 8

Series of battles, including the 1st and 2nd Bull Run, Antietam, Fredricksburg, and the Seven Days Battles that were fought in the first months of the war where each side was trying to reach the other’s capital city (the capital cities were only 70 miles apart)

Question 9

Battle of Shiloh

Answer 9

Union victory in which Grant and Buell push south through Tennessee, starting the Confederate retreat which will eventually result in the Union taking Memphis and Vicksburg (important for its control over the Mississippi River)

Question 10

Admiral David Farragut

Answer 10

Union naval commander who captured New Orleans. This, in conjunction with the Grant’s southern push from Vicksburg, started the slow takeover of the Mississippi River, which would separate Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas from the Confederacy

Question 11

The Civil War in the Far West

Answer 11

Texas (a confederate state) turned its eyes west, and captured New Mexico. From there, they advanced west to Arizona and California, but were stopped by volunteer militias from Colorado and California

Question 12

Native Americans in the Civil War

Answer 12

Many Native American individuals took sides with the Confederacy after the Confederacy offered them representation in Congress (which the Union had not offered)

Question 13

The Naval War

Answer 13

• The Union blockade of the South had only a minimal effect at first, but as the Union Navy grew, it effectively prevented supplies from reaching the South.
• The most successful naval campaign of the war was the Union’s capture of New Orleans (the mouth of the Mississippi River)
• The Virginia vs The Monitor - the first battle between iron-clad ships, which wasn’t significant in the Civil War, but foreshadowed the use of battleships in the 20th century

Question 14

Death of Slavery

Answer 14

As the Union forces marched South, slaves fled to the Union, leaving the South without its workforce. By the end of the war, nearly 1 million slaves abandoned the South.

Question 15

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 15

Lincoln’s proclamation that set slaves free only in non-conquered Confederate states. It did not set slaves free in the border states, or in Confederate territory that the Union conquered so as to not incite an uprising

Question 16

Thirteenth Admendment to the Constitution

Answer 16

Bans slavery in the United States of America

Question 17

African-American Soldiers

Answer 17

Fighting for the Union, they were often considered among the bravest soldiers even though they continued to face racism in the North and in the army itself. 37,000 African-Americans died fighting for the Union

Question 18

Massive Death Toll of the Civil War

Answer 18

• More accurate rifles meant more deaths
• The Generals, not used to the increased ranges of the weaponry, threw soldiers at the front lines
• Unsanitary conditions and primitive medical care meant that two times as many soldiers died from disease as were lost in battle
• Families were forced to search the battlefields to find their fallen loved ones, because records were poorly kept
• Women played a vital role in nursing
• Many soldiers deserted (1 in 9 in the Confederacy, 1 in 7 in the Union)

Question 19

Copperheads

Answer 19

A derogatory nickname given to the Northern Democratic Party (they called themselves the Peace Democrats) who were against the war, and against any provisions for non-white Americans. Notably, they threatened to secede from the Union with the Old Northwest (meaning there would be the Souther Confederacy, the Old Northwest, and the Union) - if this happened, it’s possible that the Union would have been overwhelmed

Question 20

Substitutes

Answer 20

In both the Union and the Confederacy, a man could pay a substitute (usually about $300 - a laborer’s annual salary) to fight for him. This created a split between the wealthy (who didn’t have to fight) and the poor, who couldn’t afford a substitute. 20% of the Union army was made of immigrant substitutes, who had just arrived in the country.

Question 21

New York City Draft Riots

Answer 21

Tensions over economic inequality, including the inequality of the draft, exploded in NYC in the summer of 1863. Lincoln had to send soldiers from Gettysburg to quell the riot. 105 African Americans were killed by the rioters, who thought that African Americans were responsible for the war, and that if freed, would take the laborer’s jobs

Question 22

“Government Girls”

Answer 22

As the Confederacy became more federalized (power was centralized in Richmond), the Confederate government needed more people to run it. Because the men were at war, many positions were filled by women, who became known as “government girls”

Question 23

Class warfare in the South

Answer 23

9000% inflation caused by the war in the South meant that many in the South couldn’t afford bread to feed their children with, while the wealthy Southerners didn’t need to participate in the war, and were able to live comfortably

Question 24

Alexander Stephens

Answer 24

Vice President of the Confederacy - was against Davis’s federalist approach (wanted the states to have more rights), and advocated for the Confederacy to negotiate a peace treaty with the Union

Question 25

The Turning Point of 1863

Answer 25

1863 was when victory was really in reach by the North. 1863 opened with stalemate in the East and a slow and costly progress in the West

Question 26

Chancellorville

Answer 26

General Joseph hooker and 130,000 men from the Union army attacked Lee and south, who had an army half the size, in Chancellorville. Lee then sent Stonewall Jackson and 30,000 troops to surprise the Union Army; Hooker ended up losing Chancellorville.

Question 27

Battle of Gettysburg

Answer 27

July 1-3, 1863. In a desperate attempt to convince Britain and France that the Confederacy would win the war, General Lee sent troops all the way north to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Over 50,000 soldiers died in three days, and the Confederates were forced to retreat. This was the Confederacy’s last major military advance of the war

Question 28

Battle of Vicksburg

Answer 28

July 4th, 1863

One day after the Battle of Gettysburg. Ulysses S. Grant takes Vicksburg, Mississippi. This was huge for the North because due to their victory, Britain and France would now definetly not side with the South. The Union now also controlled the entire Missisippi River.

Question 29

Sherman’s March to Sea

Answer 29

After capturing Atlanta on September 2nd, 1864, the rest of Georgia was now open to him. In November he and his army marched 285 miles to Savannah, Georgia to preform total war where they passed. It was estimated that they had done $100 million worth of damage.

Question 30

Election of 1864

Answer 30

Lincoln, a Republican, thought he was going to lose because he was too accomodating to the South for the abolitionists, and too anti-slavery and anti-racist for many racist northerners. The Democrats put op General McClellan - the not-so-effective General that fought in Northern Virginia. The election was decided when Sherman took Atlanta - it became clearer the North would win, and the people united behind Lincoln - they wanted a full surrender of the South.

Question 31

Final push in Northern Virginia

Answer 31

Grant’s strategy was strike hard, strike fast, and strike again, and that’s exactly what he did to break the Northern Virginia stalemate. With both sides (Grant from the Union, and Lee from the Confederacy) taking heavy losses, Grant pushed hard into Northern Virginia. But, because the North had more people, it could keep fighting, whereas the South ran out of people (they tried to enlist slaves into fighting, but it didn’t really work, because those slaves didn’t want to fight to defend slavery)

Question 32

Appomattox

Answer 32

In the spring of 1865 Lee and his remaing army were in very bad shape. He retreated from Petersburg on April 2nd and fled to Richmond, stripping and burning the city. Lee surrendered to Grant 7 days later at the Appomattox Court House.

Question 33

Death of Abe Lincoln

Answer 33

Just after the South had surrendered Abe Lincoln and his wife, Mary Todd Lincoln, went to Ford’s Theater in Washington to see a play. It was there that he was shot at point blank range by John Wilkes Booth.

Question 34

Mother Bickerdyke

Answer 34

At the beginning of the war, the Union did not have the support system it needed for a large army - food wasn’t prepared correctly, medical tents weren’t kept clean, there weren’t enough blankets, etc. Mary Ann Bickerdyke worked to clean the tents, sanitize the medical beds, etc., and became critical to the war effort. She later joined the United States Sanitary Commission and became its largest fundraiser

Question 35

Fort Sumter

Answer 35

First battle of the Civil War. Lincoln notified Jefferson Davis that he was about to resupply Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor in South Carolina. Davis decided to attack. The Confederacy won.

Question 36

Border States

Answer 36

Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware. These were critical to the North’s success because they had rivers that were important for east/west transportation, factories, many soldiers, and railroads. Maryland was particularly critical, because it surrounds Washington, DC - the Union’s capital