Diuretics Flashcards
Mercurous chloride
Diuretic
No longer used
Mannitol
Osmotic diuretic
Administered IV, filtered at glomerulus. Large molecule (so doesn’t cross the GI if given orally). Not reabsorbed. Never give to a CHF patient.
Tx to reduce CSF, excretion of toxic substances, glaucoma, renal failure
Acetazolamide
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor to produce high efficacy diuresis
Tx for glaucoma, creates alkaline urine to excrete acidic drugs, metabolic alkalosis, and for altitude sickness
List Loops diuretics
furosemide (lasix), bumetanide, torsemide, ethacrynic acid
List Thiazide diuretics
Hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide, chlorothalidone, metalazone
How do loop diuretics work?
Work in TALH to block activity of NKCC symporter on the luminal side to produce high efficacy diuresis
Tx for hypertension, removal of edema, and hypercalcemia
How do thiazide diuretics work?
Work in early DCT to block Na/Cl symporter on luminal side
Secreted in PCT, results in NaCl in urine to produce low efficacy diuresis
Tx for hypertension, hypocalcemia, removal of edema/ascites, diabetes insipidus
Amiloride, Triamterene
Work in late distal tubule
ENaC antagonist
Potassium sparing diuretic
Used to treat hypertension in hypokalemic patients
Spironolactone
Work in late distal tubule
Aldosterone receptor antagonist
Vasopressin (ADH)
Acts on basolateral membrane to induce AQP2 channel insertion in the collecting duct
Tolvaptan
Vasopressin antagonist
Blocks AVP V2 receptor
Tx for hyponatremia in SIADH
Demeclocycline, Lithium
Vasopressin antagonist
Produce drug-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Tx for hyponatremia in SIADH
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
Vasopressin agonist
Tx for central diabetes insipidus
Lithium
Vasopressin antagonist
Produce drug-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Tx for hyponatremia in SIADH and bipolar disorder
Can cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Other diuretics
Methylxanthines, dopamine, dobutamine, cardiac glycosides, alcohol, water
