Ch. 5 -- The First Humans

Question 1

Anatomically modern Homo sapiens

Answer 1

Human beings anatomically indistinguishable form those living today

Question 2

Archaic Homo sapiens

Answer 2

Extinct sub-species of humanity that share much in common with modern or anatomically modern Homo sapiens, but who commonly retain primitive skeletal features and possess a somewhat smaller mean cranial capacity than modern people

Also called premodern Homo sapiens

Question 3

Aurignacian

Answer 3

Lithic tool technology associated with anatomically modern human beings in Europe about 40,000 ya

Includes long, narrow blade tools

Question 4

Blade

Answer 4

Long, thin stone flakes, commonly twice as long as they are wide

Question 5

Châtelperronian

Answer 5

Lithic technology including the use of blades that appears to be intermediate in form and time between Mousterian and Aurignacian

Question 6

Enamel hypoplasia

Answer 6

Medical condition affecting the outside layers of teeth

Horizontal cracks develop on the enamel in individuals who experience bouts of malnutrition during their early years

Question 7

Gene flow

Answer 7

The movement and exchange of genetic material among populations of a species through interbreeding

Question 8

Harris lines

Answer 8

Longitudinal cracks located at the ends of long bones

Indicative of dietary stress during physical development

Question 9

Kibish Formation

Answer 9

Ancient stratum in Ethiopia in which the Omo I and Omo II crania were found

Question 10

Levallois

Answer 10

Stone-tool technology involving the production of consistently shaped flakes from carefully prepared cores

Question 11

Mitochondrial DNA

Answer 11

an extranuclear double-stranded DNA found exclusively in mitochondria that in most eukaryotes is a circular molecule and is maternally inherited

Question 12

Mousterian

Answer 12

The stone-tool tradition of the Neandertals and early anatomically modern human beings

A core and flake technology in which a series of different, standardized tool types were produced from stone flakes struck from cores

Question 13

Multiregional (regional continuity) model

Answer 13

The view that anatomically modern Homo sapiens evolved from premodern humans in several regions simultaneously

Question 14

Musculoskeletal hypertrophy

Answer 14

Great size and associated strength in the muscles and bones of a species or individual

Question 15

Nuclear DNA

Answer 15

The genetic instructions contained in the nucleus of the cell

Determine the biological make-up of the organism

Question 16

Patrilocality

Answer 16

A postmarital residence pattern in which the married couple lives with the family of the husband

Question 17

Premodern Homo sapiens

Answer 17

Extinct sub-species of humanity that share much in common with modern or anatomically modern Homo sapiens, but who commonly retain primitive skeletal features and possess a somewhat smaller mean cranial capacity than modern people

Also called archaic Homo sapiens

Question 18

Pressure flaking

Answer 18

Flaking and shaping a stone tool by the application of precisely focused pressure, often with the pointed tip of an antler

Question 19

Replacement model

Answer 19

The view that anatomically modern Homo sapiens evolved from premodern humans in one place at one time (usually Africa between 100,00 & 200,000 ya) and spread out from that point of origin, replacing premodern human beings as they encountered them especially in Asia and Europe

Question 20

Tool kit

Answer 20

A set of tools used together in performing a single task

Can also refer to the entire range of tools used at a particular site or during a given time period, or produced by a particular group of hominids