L1 - Intro to Pathology I

Question 1

Define: Pathology

Answer 1

The study of disease(s) (“Patho - = disease)

Note: (more detailed (online definition)) “the science of the causes and effects of diseases, especially the branch of medicine that deals with the laboratory examination of samples of body tissue for diagnostic or forensic purposes”

Question 2

Define: Disease

Answer 2

any deviation from the normal structure or function

Note: (more detailed (online definition)) “A disease is a particular abnormal condition, a disorder of a structure or function, that affects part or all of an organism. The causal study of disease is called pathology. Disease is often construed as a medical condition associated with specific symptoms and signs.”

Question 3

Define: Pathogenesis

Answer 3

sequence of events from initial stimulus to ultimate expression of disease

“-genesis” = origin

Note: (more detailed (online definition)) “the manner of development of a disease.”

Question 4

Define: Lesion

Answer 4

biochemical and structural alterations induced in cells and organs of the body (aka molecular and morphological changes)

OR

any morphological change in tissue during disease

Note: (more detailed (online definition)) “a region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage through injury or disease, such as a wound, ulcer, abscess, tumor, etc”

Question 5

Define: Etiology

Answer 5

Cause

– Could be from a single agent, infectious agent, toxin, genetic abnormality, etc.

Question 6

Define: Prognosis

Answer 6

Outcome of the disease

Note: (more detailed (online definition)) “the likely course of a disease or ailment.”

Question 7

Define: Pathognomonic

Answer 7

characteristic of a specific disease

Ex. Canine Herpes

Note: (more detailed (online definition)) “(of a sign or symptom) specifically characteristic or indicative of a particular disease or condition.”

Question 8

• Describe steps involved in a classical laboratory investigation

Answer 8

Veterinarian -> Pathologist -> Microbiologist, Toxicologist, Parasitologist, Immunologist

Question 9

• Describe what a veterinary pathologist does and the training involved to become a pathologist

Answer 9

Veterinary pathologists are doctors of veterinary medicine who specialize in the diagnosis of diseases through the examination of animal tissue and body fluids.

Training:

• Veterinary degree
• Pathology residency

+/‐ ACVP, ECVP, RCVS, ANZCVS boards

+/‐ PhD

Question 10

• Compare general vs. systemic pathology

Answer 10

General Pathology

• The main pathological processes incited by various injurious stimuli
• Applies to all cells/tissues

Systemic Pathology

• System‐specific disease processes
• Builds on main pathological processes, but takes into account:

‐ Unique responses to injury of each tissue

‐ Specific diseases for each system

Question 11

A disease may compromise one or all of the following traits:

A. May or may not have characteristic clinical signs

B. May affect the whole body or any of its parts

C. Of known or unknown cause

True or False?

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Name the four aspects of a disease that form the core of pathology

Answer 12

1. Etiology
2. Pathogenesis
3. Molecular and morphologic changes
4. Clinical manifestations

Question 13

Clinical signs resulting from functional abnormalities of affected tissues is defined as what ?

Answer 13

Clinical manifestations

Question 14

A concise statement or conclusion concerning the nature, cause, or name of a disease is called a ______________.

Answer 14

Diagnosis

Question 15

Diagnosis enables the clinician to predict the _________ (i.e. outcome)

Answer 15

Prognosis

Question 16

__________ _______ aims to encapsulate the host, morphology, and cause of disease.

Answer 16

Disease name

Question 17

Name the four types of diagnoses:

Answer 17

1. Definitive diagnosis
2. Differential diagnosis (DDx)
3. Morphologic diagnosis (MDx)
4. Etiologic diagnosis (Edx)

Question 18

Lesions caused by disease:

A. Manifest morphologically as alterations in color, shape, size, texture, etc…

B. Are microscopic or macroscopic

C. Are given standardized names to describe it

D. Is the same as etiology

E. A,B,C are correct

F. All of the above

Answer 18

E. A,B,C are correct Lesions caused by disease:

A. Manifest morphologically as alterations in color, shape, size, texture, etc…

B. Are microscopic or macroscopic

C. Are given standardized names to describe it

Question 19

Morphologic diagnosis (MDx) includes:

A. pathological process

B. location

C. cause

D. distribution

E. duration and severity

E. A,B,D, E are correct

F. All of the above

Answer 19

E. A,B,D, E are correct Morphologic diagnosis (MDx) includes:

A. pathological process

B. location

D. distribution

E. duration and severity

Question 20

This diagnosis includes pathological process, location, and cause.

Answer 20

Etiologic diagnosis (Edx)

Question 21

Name the 5 pathological processes (general pathology):

Answer 21

1. Degeneration/Necrosis
2. Inflammation & Repair
3. Circulatory Disorders
4. Disorders of Growth
5. Deposits & Pigmentations

Question 22

When investigating disease in the clinical setting determining the pathological process facilitates determining the etiology.

True or False?

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Kidney from a puppy that died 2 weeks after birth:

This picture is indicativ of a pathognomonic lesion

True or False ?

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Kidney from a puppy that died 2 weeks after birth:

Name the morphological diagnosis

Answer 24

MDx: Multifocal necro‐hemorrhagic nephritis

Question 25

Kidney from a puppy that died 2 weeks after birth:

Name the cause and etiologic diagnosis

Answer 25

Cause: Canine herpesvirus‐1
EDx: Herpesviral nephritis

Question 26

Describe the pathogenesis:

Answer 26

Pathogenesis: infection with canine herpesvirus‐1 -> viral
replication in endothelial cells -> endothelial cell injury and
inflammatory response -> multifocal necro‐hemorrhagic
nephritis

Question 27

What is the disease name?

Answer 27

Fading puppy syndrome (or Canine Herpes)