Hybrid Subcultures

Question 1

Vale and Juno (1989)

Answer 1

argue that body modification, undertaken by modern primitives, is a reaction to the sense of powerlessness created by living in a a fast-changing world so some power and control can be regained

Question 2

Hutnyk (2000)

Answer 2

argues that there are power differentials at work where western subcultures may strip the meaning from symbols and use them superficially

Question 3

Nayak (2003)

Answer 3

Identified ‘white wannabes’ who are young working class makes who adopt the style and language of black culture. Listens to music such as hip hop and gangsta rap