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D&T3 Pulm > Head and Neck Neoplasms > Flashcards

Head and Neck Neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

What disorders are classified as benign oral lesions? (7)

A
  1. Aphthous Ulcers
  2. Fibroma
  3. Pyogenic Granuloma
  4. HSV Infection
  5. Oral Candidiasis (Thrush)
  6. Hairy Leukoplakia
  7. Deep Fungal Infections
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2
Q

What is characterized by recurrent, painful hyperemic ulcerations that are covered by a thin exudate?

A

Aphthous UIcers

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3
Q

Aphthous ulcers are most commonly seen in which patients? Describe the prognosis

A

Immunocompromised; resolve in 7-10 days

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4
Q

What is characterized as a submucosal nodule of reactive proliferation due to repeated trauma?

A

Fibroma

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5
Q

What is the treatment for a fibroma?

A

Surgery

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6
Q

What two disorders make up the benign fibrous proliferative lesions?

A

Fibroma and Pyogenic Granuloma

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7
Q

What is characterized by rapid vascular proliferation of granulation tissue?

A

Pyogenic Granuloma

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8
Q

What is another term for a pyogenic granuloma?

A

Pregnancy Tumor

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9
Q

What is the oral consequence of a HSV-1 infection?

A

Painful hepatic gingivostomatitis

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10
Q

Viral reactivation of HSV-1 occurs where?

A

In neighboring areas of the initial infection

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11
Q

What is characterized by white plaques that can be scraped off?

A

Oral Candidiasis

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12
Q

What is another term for oral candidiasis?

A

Thrush

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13
Q

How does oral candidiasis result in a clinical infection?

A

The use of ABX wipe out the normal oral flora, allowing candida to grow

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14
Q

What are the three types of clinical presentations of oral candidiasis?

A
  1. Pseudomembranous (Thrush)
  2. Hyperplastic
  3. Erythematous
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15
Q

What is characterized by lesions on the side of the tongue that cannot be scraped off?

A

Hairy Leukoplakia

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16
Q

What is the cause of Hairy Leukoplakia? What patients are most likely infected?

A

EBV; immunocompromised

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17
Q

What are the agents which cause deep fungal infections of the oral cavity? (6)

A
  1. Histoplasmosis
  2. Blastomycosis
  3. Coccidiomycosis
  4. Cryptococcosis
  5. Zygomycosis
  6. Aspergillosis
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18
Q

What are the precancerous oral lesions? (2)

A
  1. Leukoplakia

2. Erythroplakia

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19
Q

What is characterized as a white patch that cannot be scraped off but cannot be further characterized based on clinical of pathological features?

A

Leukoplakia

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20
Q

What percent of leukoplakias are pre-malignant?

A

5-25%

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21
Q

What is the histological appearance of Leukoplakia?

A

Squamous epithelium with full thickness dysplasia

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22
Q

What is characterized by red, velvety lesions (may be eroded) with a high risk of malignant transformation?

A

Erythroplakia

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23
Q

What is the most common cancerous lesion of the oral cavity?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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24
Q

What is the common cause of SCC?

A

Smoking or Alcohol use

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25
Q

Which virus may cause SCC?

A

HPV

26
Q

Describe the stages of SCC formation

A

Normal –> Hyperplasia/Hyperkeratosis –> Mild Dysplasia –> Severe Dysplasia (CIS) –> SCC

27
Q

What is characterized by a focal mucosal protrusion in the nose?

A

Nasal Polyp

28
Q

What is the cause of a nasal polyp?

A
  1. Recurrent Rhinitis (infectious, allergic)
29
Q

What are two types of inflammation of the nasopharynx?

A
  1. Pharyngitis

2. Tonsillitis

30
Q

What is characterized as a benign tumor of respiratory (scheiderian mucosa) that is associated with HPV 6 and 11?

A

Sinonasal Papilloma

31
Q

What form of Sinonasal Papilloma frequently affects 30-50yr old males and has a risk for malignancy and recurrence?

A

Endophytic

32
Q

What is characterized by nasal obstruction and epistaxis and is associated with EBV infections and long incubation periods?

A

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

33
Q

What are the three patterns of nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

A
  1. Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  2. non-Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  3. Undifferentiated/basaloid carcinoma
34
Q

Where do most Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas metastasize?

A

Cervical Lymph Nodes

35
Q

What is the treatment for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma?

A

Radiotherapy

36
Q

Describe the histology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

A

Cluster of epithelium surrounded by lymphocytes; stain with EBER-1 to reveal metastasis

37
Q

What are the types of inflammation of the larynx?

A
  1. Laryngitis

2. Croup

38
Q

What are reactive nodules/polyps?

A

Nodules that appear on the vocal cords after heavy use of smoking

39
Q

What is characterized as a lesion greater than 1cm on the true vocal cords?

A

Squamous Papilloma

40
Q

What type of cancer is seen in the larynx of male smokers/alcohol users?

A

SSC

41
Q

What is the treatment for SCC of the larynx?

A

Chemoradiation

42
Q

What condition is characterized by bilateral bone deposition in the middle ear that results in hearing loss?

A

Osteosclerosis

43
Q

What is the most common tumor of the ears?

A

SCC

44
Q

What is a branchial cyst?

A

Remnant of the 2nd branchial arch typically seen between ages 20-40 that involves a 2-5cm mass of squamoid and lymphoid tissue

45
Q

A thyroglossal duct cyst results in enlargement where?

A

Foramen Cecum

46
Q

What condition is characterized as a cluster of neuroendocrine cells?

A

Paraganglioma

47
Q

What is seen with a Paravertebral Paraganglioma?

A

Catecholamine release

48
Q

A paraganglioma where will result in secretion of parasympathetic hormones?

A

Great vessels of the head and neck

49
Q

Is a carotid body tumor painful?

A

No

50
Q

What is Xerostomia?

A

Dry Mouth

51
Q

What is a tumor of the salivary glands that is associated with trauma, infection or autoimmunity?

A

Mucocele

52
Q

What is a benign tumor of the salivary glands that is associated with chromosomal rearrangements of PLAG1?

A

Pleomorphic Adenoma

53
Q

Is a Pleomorphic Adenoma painful?

A

No

54
Q

Is a Pleomorphic Adenoma benign?

A

Yes

55
Q

What is a parotid gland tumor seen in male smokers between 60-70 that has pink cells lined by lymphocytes?

A

Warthin Tumor

56
Q

What is another name for a Warthin Tumor?

A

Papillary Cystadenoma Lymphomatosum

57
Q

What is the most common malignant tumor of the salivary glands?

A

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

58
Q

What cancer is associated with t(11;19)(q21;p13)?

A

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

59
Q

What cancer presents in minor salivary glands 50% of the time?

A

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

60
Q

Describe the histology of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

A

Cribiform pattern (cookie cutter)

61
Q

Which cancer has a predilection for perineural invasion and favors distant metastasis?

A

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

62
Q

Is an Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma painful?

A

Yes

D&T3 Pulm (5 decks)

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