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Random Placement Facts > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

1
Q

Pattern of weakness in posterior circulation stroke

A

Waxing / waining

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2
Q

How to determine if an inguinal hernia is direct or indirect

A

Indirect Is lateral to inferior epigastric vessels

Direct is medial

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3
Q

Where does the external iliac artery turn into the femoral artery

A

At inguinal ligament

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4
Q

Location of femoral vs inguinal hernia

A

Inguinal - superior and medial to inguinal ligament

Femoral - inferior and lateral to inguinal ligament

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5
Q

Which inguinal hernia is reducible

A

Indirect

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6
Q

What is an important differential diagnosis of femoral hernia ?
Treatment ?

A

Femoral aneurysm

Surgery as likely to strangulate

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7
Q

Key findings of horners syndrome

A

Partial ptosis (droopy eyelid )
Miosis (small pupil
Anhydrosis (lack of sweating)

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8
Q

Cause of horners syndrome

A

Sympathetic lesion to t1

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9
Q

Difference in Cerebellar lesion - central vs lobes

A

Central - trunk

Lobes - ipsilateral

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10
Q

How does a brain haematoma decrease serum sodium serum levels

A

Haematoma -> ^ACTH -> ADH -> decrease Na

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11
Q

Causes of malar flush

A

Hypothyroid

Mitral Regurge

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12
Q

Basic pathology of addisons

A

Autoimmune destruction of adrenals

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13
Q

Some symptoms of adrenal insufficiency

A

Hyper pigmentation
Hypotension
Reduced cortisol

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14
Q

Cause of cushings

A

Excess cortisol

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15
Q

Signs / symptoms of cushings

A

Central obesity, moon face, striae
Osteoporosis
Easy bruising

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16
Q

Causes of cushings

A

Pituitary excess ACTH
Adrenal hyperplasia / tumour
Iatrogenic

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17
Q

Common cause of midline hernia in obese middle age

A

Divarication of the recti

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18
Q

Causes of confusion

A

Tia, infection, thyroid, electrolyte disturbance, neoplastic in brain, dementia, dehydration, constipation, calcium ….

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19
Q

Screening tools for identifying which patients with upper GI bleed need medical intervention

A

Glasgow-batchford

Rockall - only if prior endoscopy

20
Q

Egs of interventions in upper GI bleed

A

Blood transfusion

OGD

21
Q

Symptoms of hyperkalaemia

A

Malaise, palpitations, weakness

22
Q

Treatment for hyperkalaemia

A

Calcium and lactulose (prevent constipation )

23
Q

What drugs must be stopped in hyperkalaemia

A

Spronolactone

ACEi

24
Q

Two memory tests

A 
Moca test (Montreal cognitive assessment) 
Addenbrookes cognitive examination.
25
Q

What is apixaban ? When used? Mechanism

A

Blood thinner
AF
Blocks Xa

26
Q

Why might you reduce antiepileptic medications in a patient who has recently had seizures

A

To evoke a seizure that can be filmed / observed

27
Q

What is lamotrigine used to treat

A

Anticonvulsant for epilepsy, bipolar and depression

28
Q

The working dose of lamotrigine is 100mg why do you start on 25mg and titrate up

A

Risk of Stephen Johnson

29
Q

How do seizures as a baby increase risk of focal epilepsy later in life

A

Scarring

30
Q

When might an increased WCC not be infection

A

Generalised tonic clinic seizure causes spike

31
Q

Signs and symptoms of acoustic neuroma

A

Hearing loss, tinnitus, balance, facial weakness / paralysis, headache

32
Q

Neurofibromatosis type 2 main manifestation

A

Non malignant tumours of CNVIII (acoustic neuromas)

33
Q

Why does an upper GI bleed increase urea

A

Urea is breakdown product of blood -> reabsorbed

34
Q

Good way to illicit absence seizure

A

Hyperventilate

35
Q

Seizure where arms beating at 3hz slowly moving up is called? Due to?

A

Myoclonic absence epilepsy.

Swapping between myoclonic -> tonic -> Myo -> ton …..with simultaneous absence

36
Q

What are automatisms ? What are these a sign of?

A

Fumbling clothes, swallowing, chewing during seizure .

Temporal lobe epilepsy

37
Q

Neuro excitatory (+receptor) / inhibitory transmitters

A

Ex - glutamate / aspartate (NMDA / nonNMDA receptor)

In - GABA /

38
Q

Why can you get jerking with syncope

A

Cerebral hypo perfusion

39
Q

Rinne pneumonic SNAC RIP

A

Sensory neural loss and Normal ears, Air Conduction is better and Rinnes is Positive

40
Q

Tia treatment

A

Antiplatelets - clopidogrel, aspirin, dipyridamole

41
Q

What is the benign cause of highlights in ventricles on a head CT

A

Calcification of the choroid plexus

42
Q

Which hormone affecting the kidneys is produced in the lungs

A

ACE

43
Q

What drug can be used to reverse warfarin

A

Beriplex

44
Q

Issues with rapid increase of Na

A

Demyelination (of pons?)

45
Q

Side effect of vigabitram

A

Visual field defect

46
Q

Usual cause of visual hallucinations

A

Organic cause

Random Placement Facts (4 decks)

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