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Dermatology (VEM 5387) > Bacterial Skin Diseases (Marsella) > Flashcards

Bacterial Skin Diseases (Marsella) Flashcards

1
Q

Cutaneous bacteria

A

Bacteria found on surface and in hair follicles

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2
Q

Resident cutaneous bacteria

A

Multiply (ex. S. pseudointermedius)

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3
Q

Transient cutaneous bacteria

A

Do not multiply (ex. E. coli, Proteus)

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4
Q

Pathogen cutaneous bacteria

A

S. pseudointermedius, S. schleiferi

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5
Q

Feline skin flora

A
  • Staph intermedius
  • Staph aureus
  • Staph simulans
  • Staph epidermis
  • Staph xylosus
  • Pastruella
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6
Q

Equine skin flora

A
  • Staph aureus
  • Staph intermedius
  • Dermatophilus congolensis
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7
Q

Porcine skin flora

A

Staph hyicus

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8
Q

Physical defense mechanisms of skin

A
  • Hairs
  • Turnover of stratm corneum
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9
Q

Chemical defense mechanisms of skin

A
  • Sebum
  • Fatty acids
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10
Q

Immune defenses of skin

A
  • Lymphocytes
  • Langerhans cells
  • Keratinocytes
  • Cytokines
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11
Q

Microbial defenses of skin

A

Competition from normal skin flora

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12
Q

Pyoderma

A

Pus in the skin = bacterial infection w/ in the skin

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13
Q

Classificaitons of pyoderma

A
  • Primary vs secondary
  • Site
  • Pathogen
  • Depth (surface, superficial, deep)
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14
Q

Surface pyoderma

A
  • Pyotraumatic dermatitis (hot spot)
  • Skin fold pyoderma (intertrigo)
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15
Q

Pyotraumatic dermatitis

A
  • “Hot spot”
  • Thick or long haired breeds more common
  • Warm weather
  • Rapid onset
  • Self-induced
  • Underlying problem
  • DOGS ONLY
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16
Q

Underlying problems causing pyotraumatic dermatitis

A
  • Flea allergy
  • Ectoparasites
  • Allergic skin diseases
  • Anal sac diseases
  • Otitis externa
  • Contact
  • Ocular
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17
Q

Furuncle

A

Follicular abscess. Ruptured folliculitis

“Boil”

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18
Q

Folliculitis/Furunculosis in relation to pyotraumatic dermatitis

A

Can initiate or complicate a hot spot. Deeper infection (involves follicle).

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19
Q

Diagnosis of pyotraumatic dermatitis

A
  • Hx
  • Clinical signs
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20
Q

Pyotraumatic dermatitis therapy

A
  • Clip & clean area
  • Topical astringents
  • Break the itch cycle w/ glucocorticoids
  • +/- systemic abx
  • ID and correct underlying cause
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21
Q

Skin fold pyoderma (intertrigo)

A

Surface infection in warm, moist folds. Bacteria and yeast.

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22
Q

Areas skin fold pyoderma manifests

A
  • Body fold (Shar pei, Basset hounds, achondrodysplastic dogs)
  • Lip fold (Cocker/Springer spaniels, setters..causes halitosis)
  • Facial fold (brachycephalic dogs, Shar pei)
  • Vulvar fold (obese bitches, spayed before 1st estrus)
  • Tail fold (screw tail pyoderma, Bostons, English bulldogs)
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23
Q

Skin fold pyoderma therapy

A
  • Medical
    • cleaning
    • wipes
  • Surgical
24
Q

Superficial pyoderma

A

Pustules are present in the stratum corneum or inside the hair follicles

Ex. impetigo, superficial bacterial folliculitis

25
Q

Impetigo

A
  • “Puppy pyoderma”
  • Subcorneal pustules in glabrous (hairless) areas
  • Not contagious
26
Q

Impetigo diagnosis

A

Signalment & clinical signs

27
Q

Impetigo therapy

A
  • Topical therapy (benzoyl peroxide medicated shampoo)
  • Ensure clean environment
  • +/- abx (severe, persistent cases)
28
Q

Agents that cause Folliculitis

A
  • Bacteria (Staph pseudointermedius)
  • Parasites (Demodex)
  • Fungal (Dermatophyte)
29
Q

Primary lesions of bacterial folliculitis

A
  • Papules
  • Pustules
  • Erythematous macules
30
Q

Secondary lesions of bacterial folliculitis

A
  • Circular crusts
  • Collarettes
  • Focal scale
  • Alopecia
  • Hyperpigmented macules
31
Q

Bodily distribution of bacterial folliculitis

A

Truncal. Most diagnostic lesions on ventral abdomen.

32
Q

Bacterial folliculitis diagnosis

A
  • Clinical signs
  • Skin scrape to R/O other causes
  • Cytology
  • Culture
  • Biopsy
  • Response to therapy
33
Q

Bacterial folliculitis therapy

A
  • Abx (continue 7-10 days past clearance of clinical signs)
  • Topical therapy
  • ID & correct underlying cause
34
Q

Equine folliculitis bacteria

A
  • Staph
  • Dermatophilus congolensis
35
Q

Dermatophilosis (other names)

A
  • Strawberry foot rot
  • Rain scald
  • Rain rotscald
  • Rain rot
  • Lumpy wool
  • Streptothricosis
36
Q

Dermatophilosis

A
  • Gram + aerobic or facultative anaerobe
  • Actinomycete
  • During rainy season
  • Horses, sheep, cattle, goats, zoonotic
37
Q

3 Factors of dermatophilosis infection

A
  • Chronic carriers (zoospores survive in scabs for months)
  • Moisture, rain, sweating
  • Break in skin integrity
38
Q

Dermatophilosis transmission

A
  • mechanical transmission - flies
  • contaminated clippers

normal skin is resistant to infection

39
Q

Dermatophilosis clinical features

A
  • Dorsal surfaces
  • Thick “paintbrush” crusts
  • Hair easily removed exposing moist pink skin
  • Green exudate & erosions
  • Dry crusts, scale, alopecia
  • More painful than puritic
40
Q

Dermatophilosis diagnosis

A
  • Clinical features
  • Cytology
    • “Railroad track” appearance of bacteria
41
Q

Dermatophilosis treatment

A
  • Self limiting
  • Remove from rain
  • Benzoyl peroxide and chlorohexadine shampoo
  • Systemic abx for minimum of 2 wks
    • TMP-sulfa is drug of choice
    • Penicillin
42
Q

Staphylococcal folliculitis/furunculosis

A
  • Staph aureus
  • Complication of most pruritic diseases
43
Q

3 main syndroms of staphylococcal folliculitis/furunculosis

A
  • Trunk
  • Tail
  • Pastern
44
Q

Truncal folliculitis

A
  • Type of staphylococcal folliculitis
  • Heat rash, saddle rash
  • Painful, papulonodular eruption
  • Saddle areas & can spread
45
Q

Tail pyoderma

A
  • Type of staphylococcal folliculitis/furunculosis
  • Pustules arise on dorsal area of tail
  • Induced by tail rubbing, increases self induced trauma
  • Pruritic
46
Q

Exudative epidermis

A
  • S. hyicus
  • Toxins are absorbed (liver & kidney dz)
  • In sucking piglets, dz usually confied to individuals
47
Q

Deep pyoderma

A
  • Furunculosis
  • Abscesses, cellulitis, panniculitis
48
Q

Furunculosis

A
  • Deep pyoderma
  • Hair follicles rupture and infection spreads to dermis
  • Infection may be mixed
49
Q

Clinical signs of furunculosis

A
  • ulcers
  • fistulous tracts
  • pustules/bulla
  • cellulitis
50
Q

Furuncolosis diagnosis

A
  • R/O demodex
  • Cytology
  • Culture
  • Biopsy
  • Response to abx
51
Q

Furunculosis therapy

A
  • Abx (minimum of 2 months)
    • if multiple bacteria on culture, address Staph 1st
  • Topical therapy
  • ID & tx underlying cause
  • Immunotherapy
  • Avoid steroids
52
Q

Abscess

A
  • Result of trauma/wounds/foreign bodies
  • Common in male cats - Pastruella
  • Establish drainage & systemic abx
53
Q

Recurrent staphylococcal pyoderma

A
  • Comes back after a few months
    • Differentiate from persistent (comes back in 2 wks, inappropriate therapy)
  • Look for underlying cause (demodex, dermatophyte, atopy, endocrine/metabolic, physical)
54
Q

Canine Juvenile Cellulitis

A
  • “Juvenile pyoderma”, “puppy strangles”
  • Idiopathic
    • Not really an infection
  • Immune mediated response
  • Goldens predisposed
55
Q

Canine juvenile cellulitis clinical signs

A
  • typically young puppies
  • edema of face, lips, pinna
  • Pustules
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • Fever
  • Depression
56
Q

Canine juvenile cellulitis therapy

A
  • High dose glucocorticoids
    • be sure to R/O demodex (steroids = bad)
  • +/- abx for secondary infections

Dermatology (VEM 5387) (17 decks)

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