Unit 3: Functions Of Language In Communication Flashcards
What is JAKOBSONS FUNCTIONS?
Russian linguist Roman Jakobson, identified 6 major functions of language .
- Emotive…expressing feelings
- Conative….. Asking or requesting
- Metalingual….using language to refer to language
- Poetic ….expressing aesthetic values
- Referential …..informing
- Phatic…affirming relationship with others
What are HALLIDAYS FUNCTIONS AND METAFUNCTIONS?
Michael Halliday study of purpose of language in 7 functions
- Instrumental…getting things done. Eg. I want!
- Regulatory…. Controlling behaviour of others. Eg. Do this!
- Interactional…. Forming relationships….eg. Hi
- Personal….eg, me, I
- Heuristic …. Language to investigate…eg why?
- Imaginative…extending the imagination..eg let’s pretend
- Representation…expressing ideas..eg I’ve got something to tell you!
What are the functions of language?
Language is more than passing information from person to person…language is a way of behaving and making others behave.
What are Finchs micro and meta functions?
**SEE HANDOUT FOR COMPARISON TABLE OF JAKOBSON, HALLIDAY AND FINCH****^^
What are Finches micro and macro functions of language ?
Micro= individual uses Macro = larger more general or underlying language use.
The 7 Micro functions are….
To release nervous/physical energy…physiological function.
Includes, watching a sport, swearing,
AND for sociability….phatic function.
Comes from Greek meaning, utterance.
Includes, social bonding, how are you?
Greeting and leave taking….negotiate the start or end in spoken and written forms.
AND to provide a record….recording function
From shopping lists to bureaucratic information.
AND to identify and classify things……identifying function
Giving something a name.
NOMENCLATURISM is the belief that words represent the true essence of things.
Words do not exist on their own but for part of a larger network.
AND as an instrument of thought….reasoning function
The running commentary going on in our heads…thinking
AND as a means of communicating ideas and feelings….communicating function.
A two-way process…speaking and communicative competence to decode. Using accommodation or convergence allowing for accents and dialects….an unconscious process.
AND FINALLY to give delight….pleasure function
Including, poetry, onomatopoeia, alliteration and assonance.
What are Finches 4 macro functions?
The macro functions
The ideational function…..how we conceptualise the world for us and others.
The interpersonal function ….relationships, language is used for communication.
The poetic function …..not just poetry, but grammatical, communicative and creative.
The textual function…. Including textual cohesion….making sense or fitting together eg. A castle is a piece in chess. There’s one at Windsor….this utterance is cohesive but not coherent.
What are the overlapping complexities of language functions?
Sometimes speech acts are DIRECT, the words can be taken at face value, often they are INDIRECT….eg. ….it’s kind of cold in here….. Indirectly asking someone to close the open window.
What is language play?
All around us, eg. Jokes….what do you get when you cross a sheep with a kangaroo?…. A woolly jumper!
Language play results from the manipulation of linguistic features.
What do we use in language play as we manipulate linguistic features?
Sound…..stereotypes for example put on accents eg. French, the language of love..in condom ad.
Alliteration….. Tongue twisters with similar sounds in a series .
IN WRITING WE PLAY WITH….
Spelling…joke how a word is spoken not spelled..knife…Kuh-nigh-fuh!
Palindromes….a play on spelling as word or sentence can be read forwards or backwards the same…..eg. Was it a cat I saw?
Words and their meanings…..
Language play also entails manipulation of words and their meanings…nonsense words.
Eg. Supercalafragilisticexpialadoshus!…..now used as meaning…wonderful
Double meanings is also known as a pun.
Eg. Prisoners favourite punctuation mark is a full stop because it marks the end of his sentence.
words with double meaning = lexical ambiguity**
Give an example of metaphorical language.
Eg. The mouth of the river….or the heart of the city. Figurative language is used to extend meaning.
What is breaking the rules of expectation?
Similar to garden path sentence…often joke…hunter,phone operator let’s make sure he’s dead…shoots him!
Language is a code…manipulate the code for language play.
Language as a means of control….what are directives?
Speech acts designed to cause the addressee to take specific action eg. stop!
This is also a COMMAND to refrain from doing something.
A DIRECTIVE can also be a REQUEST ..EG. I recommend you stop doing that!…. Threat??
Language in advertising…why….discuss
BOLINGER: Advertising uses lexical devices.loaded words or euphemisms eg. Cheap imitation jewellery is now….costume jewellery.
LUTZ: weasel words…a predator sucks eggs shells empty.
Eg. Cold medicines that ‘help’ to relieve cold symptoms .
