Localized antibiotics

Question 1

What are some desirable characteristics of local chemotherapeutics?

Answer 1

substantivity, low toxicity, high potency, good permeability, and intrinsic efficacy

Question 2

What are some examples of topical antimicrobials?

Answer 2

Chlorhexidine, essential oils, Povidine Iodine, Quaternary ammonium chloride, sanguinarine, sodium hypochlorite, stannous fluoride, and triclosan

Question 3

Describe chlorhexidine

Answer 3

considered Gold Standard, ruptures cell membranes, adheres and releases for 6+ hrs, can stain teeth, causes calculus formation

Question 4

Rinsing with chlorhexidine for 2 minutes before invasive oral procedure reduces risk for what?

Answer 4

bacteremia

Question 5

What’s an example of essential oils used to treat plaque?

Answer 5

Listerine

Question 6

Describe Povidine Iodine

Answer 6

Effective against bacteria, viruses, and fungi; avoid in patients allergic to shellfish or iodine, thyroid dysfunction, or pregnant/lactating women

Question 7

How does quaternary ammonium compounds work?

Answer 7

ruptures cell walls; reduces gingivitis by 24% (found in scope and cepacol)

Question 8

What is Sanguinarine?

Answer 8

An herbal alkaloid extract from cacti, and used in mouthwash and dentrifices

Question 9

What is sodium hypochlorite?

Answer 9

used for dentures, it’s a bleach that is effective against bacteria, viruses, and fungi; corrosive to metals

Question 10

What is stannous fluoride?

Answer 10

Inhibits cariogenic plaque and remineralizes enamel; poor shelf life

Question 11

Describe triclosan

Answer 11

broad spectrum antimicrobial found in several oral products; banned in Europe

Question 12

How deep can mouth rinses or supragingival irrigations reach into the pocket?

Answer 12

5mm