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Dental Materials > Introduction To Dental Materials > Flashcards

Introduction To Dental Materials Flashcards

1
Q

Who invented the visible light curing unit?

A

Dart and namcek 1981

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2
Q

What was the name of the first dental light curing unit?

A

ICI dental occlusin

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3
Q

What are dental composites used for?

A

Restorative filling material

Special tray construction

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4
Q

What does a dental resin composite consist of?

A

Resin
Filler
Coupling agent

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5
Q

What are fibre reinforced materials?

A

Light weight
Strong
Used for bulletin proof vests
Used as a type of composite

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6
Q

What are fibre reinforced materials made up of?

A

Kevlar fibres

Fluoroelastomer rubber

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7
Q

What makes the mouth a hostile environment?

A

Loading of up to 6kg
On/off cyclical forces- fatigue
Chemicals
Temperature fluctuation

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8
Q

What vertical displacement forces are permitted in the periodontal ligament?

A

25-100 um

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9
Q

What are the Bucco lingual displacement permitted?

A

56-108um

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10
Q

What size of force intrudes the tooth?

A

1N

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11
Q

What size of force flexes bone and causes pain?

A

15N

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12
Q

What ph fluctuations occur within the mouth?

A

2-12

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13
Q

What materials are used by the dental team?

A 
Gypsum materials (plaster)
Waxes
Alloys
Polymers
Ceramics
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14
Q

What does tensile mean?

A

Capable of being bent, shaped or drawn out

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15
Q

What is strain?

A

Change in length/ original length

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16
Q

What unit is strain measured in ?

A

Strain has no units

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17
Q

What is stress expressed as?

A

MPa
A is mm2
F is Newtons

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18
Q

What does compressive mean?

A

The ability to compress- not recommended for brittle materials

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19
Q

What is diamentral tensile strength?

A

Useful for brittle materials where conventional tensile not applicable

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20
Q

How many points to diamentral tensile strength?

A

2

21
Q

How is diamentral tensile strength measured?

A

2F / pieDL ( diameter, length)

22
Q

What does flexural mean?

A

The highest stress experienced at moment of rupture.

23
Q

How is flexural strength measured?

A

3FL/ 2bd2

24
Q

What is ductility?

A

The potential for material to be drawn out into a wire

25
Q

What does modulus give?

A

A measure of stiffness

26
Q

What is a measure of resilience?

A

The energy absorbed by material undergoing plastic deformstion up to elastic limit

27
Q

What is a measure of toughness?

A

Total amount of energy a material can absorbs to point of fracture

28
Q

What makes a material tough?

A

High measure of toughness

29
Q

What makes a material brittle?

A

Low measure of toughness

30
Q

How is fatigue measured?

A

Application of cyclic loading for a defined number of cycles.

31
Q

What measures surface hardness?

A

An indentor

32
Q

What does a large number on the indentor indicate?

A

Low hardness

33
Q

What does a small number on the indentor indicate?

A

High hardness

34
Q

What is sheer bond strength?

A

The amount of force required to break the bond between material and tooth surface
Adhesive failure
Cohesive failure

35
Q

What is impact strength?

A

Quoted in units of energy

Measure of the force required to fracture

36
Q

What is surface roughness measured by?

A

Profilemeter

37
Q

What does the Profilemeter do?

A

Assesses surface characteristics

38
Q

What does a high reading on the Profilemeter mean?

A

High reading the rougher the material

39
Q

What is thermal conductivity?

A

Rate of heat transfer through a material (K)

40
Q

What is specific heat?

A

Energy required to heat up a material (Cp

41
Q

What is thermal diffusity?

A

The rate that temperature will rise in a material when heat is applied to its surface ( D )

42
Q

How is thermal diffusity measured?

A

Thermal conductivity / specific heat

43
Q

What are rheological properties?

A

Study of viscosity

44
Q

What does dilatant mean re. Rheological properties?

A

Viscosity increases with applied pressure

45
Q

Wha t does Newtonian mean re. Rheological properties?

A

Viscosity remains constant with applied pressure

46
Q

What does pseudoplastic mean re. Rheological properties?m

A

Viscosity decreases with applied pressure and unless set increases when pressure decreases

47
Q

What does corrosion mean?

A

Defines the chemical reactivity of metals and alloys

48
Q

What is camphorquinone?

A

Widely used visible light photo initiator

Dental Materials (13 decks)

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