Phyiology

Question 1

is the eustachian tube normally open or closed

Answer 1

closed

Question 2

how does the eustachian tube open?

Answer 2

tensor veli palatini and levator palatine muscles

Question 3

what is the first opening into the cochlea called?

Answer 3

the oval window

Question 4

what is the second opening back into the middle ear called?

Answer 4

the round window

Question 5

what are the three areas of cochlea called?

Answer 5

cochlear duct, scala vestibular and scala tympani

Question 6

what special feature does the organ of corgi have

Answer 6

hair cells

Question 7

what do hair cells do

Answer 7

transmit sound waves and converts it to electrical impulses

Question 8

in what region of the brain is the primary auditory cortex

Answer 8

41/42

Question 9

what kinda texture is the basilar membrane in the organ of corti

Answer 9

gel

Question 10

what are the 5 key areas in vestibular end organs

Answer 10

saccule, utricle, lateral, anterior and posterior semicircular canal

Question 11

what do both saccule and article have?

Answer 11

hair (stereo cilia) projecting upwards

Question 12

what is vestibular schwannoma

Answer 12

tumour of the 8th CN sheath.

Question 13

what are the receptors for taste and smell

Answer 13

chemoreceptors- bind to certain chemicals

Question 14

where are the sensory receptor cells of taste?

Answer 14

taste buds duh

Question 15

what are taste buds

Answer 15

the sense organ of taste

Question 16

how are the sensory and support cells arranged in the taste bud

Answer 16

like slices of orange

Question 17

what is th life span of a taste bud

Answer 17

10 days

Question 18

where are taste buds present

Answer 18

tongue, palate, epiglottis, pharynx

Question 19

what are the 4 types of papillae found on the tongue

Answer 19

filiform (most common), fungiform, valuate, foliate

Question 20

do filiform contain taste buds?

Answer 20

nah

Question 21

how do taste fibres reach brainstem

Answer 21

7th cranial nerve- chords tympanii (ant 2/3 of tongue) 9th- posterior third of tongue and 10th- other areas not tongue

Question 22

what are the 5 primary tastes

Answer 22

salty, sour, sweet, bitter, umami

Question 23

what is aguesia

Answer 23

loss of taste

Question 24

how do you get aguesia

Answer 24

nerve damage, infection,

Question 25

what is dysgeusia and how do you get it

Answer 25

gum infections, reflux, medications, neoplasms, glossitis

Question 26

what is olfactory mucosa

Answer 26

patch of mucosa in ceiling of nasal cavity

Question 27

what are the 3 types of cells olfactory mucosa contains

Answer 27

olfactory receptor cell, supporting cells, basal cells

Question 28

what are olfactory receptors

Answer 28

specialised nerve endings of renewable afferent neurons

Question 29

what is the neuron composed of

Answer 29

a thick short dendrite and an expanded olfactory rod

Question 30

what are odoronts

Answer 30

molecules that can be smelled

Question 31

what is the lifespan of olfactory receptors

Answer 31

2 months

Question 32

what do basal cells act as?

Answer 32

precursors to new olfactory receptor cells

Question 33

what forms the olfactory nerve

Answer 33

olfactory receptors

Question 34

what does the olfactory bulb do?

Answer 34

transmit smells to the brain

Question 35

what is anosmia

Answer 35

inability to smell