Biochemistry L02 Macromolecular Building Blocks

Question 1

What is the side chain (R) group for alanine?

Answer 1

a methyl group

Question 2

What type of chemical bonds are glycosidic bonds and by what process are they broken?

Answer 2

covalent, hydrolysis

Question 3

Give an example of a biological protein that has quaternary structure?

Answer 3

e.g. haemoglobin (2 alpha and 2 beta subunits)

Question 4

What is the process allowing the formation of protein/polysaccharide polymers?

Answer 4

condensation

Question 5

Which enantiomer of amino acids is found in human proteins, L or D?

Answer 5

L

Question 6

What are the four main constituents of phospholipid structure?

Answer 6

fatty acids, glycerol, phosphate, polar head group

Question 7

Are carbohydrates polar? If so, what main functional group makes them polar?

Answer 7

yes, alcohol (-OH)

Question 8

In tertiary structure, which two main forces drive protein folding?

Answer 8

hydrophobic interactions and disulphide bonds

Question 9

Does fructose have an aldehyde group or ketone group?

Answer 9

ketone

Question 10

In animal cells, what is the name of the glucose storage polymer?

Answer 10

glycogen

Question 11

What is the structural sugar in plants?

Answer 11

cellulose

Question 12

What are the 2 basic units comprising fats and oils?

Answer 12

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 13

In triglycerides, what type of bond links the fatty acids to the glycerol molecule?

Answer 13

ester bond

Question 14

Is cholesterol polar or non polar? Name 2 types of biological substances cholesterol is used to produce?

Answer 14

non polar, vitamins/hormones

Question 15

What are the four main substituents chemically attached to an alpha carbon in amino acid structure?

Answer 15

hydrogen, amino group, carboxyl group, side chain (R)

Question 16

In basic pH, are the amino and carboxyl groups of amino acids protonated or deprotonated?

Answer 16

both deprotonated

Question 17

What inherited disorder involves the impaired conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine?

Answer 17

Phenylketonuria

Question 18

What is the name of the bond between amino acids in a polypeptide and what type of chemical bonding is it?

Answer 18

peptide bonds, covalent

Question 19

Which level of protein structure is a sequence of amino acids?

Answer 19

primary

Question 20

An alpha helix is an example of which level of protein structure?

Answer 20

secondary

Question 21

Be able to draw the structure of Glycine, Alanine, Tyrosine and Phenylalanine

Answer 21

.