101 Determine and configure hardware settings

Question 1

HAL Hardware Abstraction Layer

Answer 1

HAL Daemon The Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) Daemon, or hald is a user space program that runs at all times (that is, as a daemon) that provides other user space programs with information about available hardware.

Question 1

D-Bus The Desktop Bus (D-Bus)

Answer 1

Communicates between the hardware and software devices in Linux

Question 2

udev

Answer 2

udev is the device manager for the Linux kernel. Primarily, it manages device nodes in /dev. It is the successor of devfs and hotplug, which means that it handles the /dev directory and all user space actions when adding/removing devices, including firmware load.

Question 3

sysfs

Answer 3

The sysfs virtual filesystem, mounted at /sys, exports information about devices so that user space utilities can access the information.

Question 4

hald

Answer 4

The Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) Daemon, or hald, is a user space program that runs at all times (that is, as a daemon) that provides other user space programs with information about available hardware.

Question 5

/sys

Answer 5

The sysfs virtual filesystem, mounted at /sys, exports information about devices so that user space utilities can access the information.

Question 6

/proc

Answer 6

This is an unusual directory because it doesn?t correspond to a regular directory or partition. Instead, it?s a virtual filesystem that?s created dynamically by Linux to provide access to certain types of hardware information that aren?t accessible via /dev.

Question 7

/dev

Answer 7

Because Linux treats most hardware devices as if they were files, the OS must have a location in its filesystem where these device files reside. The /dev directory is that place. It contains a large number of files that function as hardware interfaces. If a user has sufficient privileges, that user may access the device hardware by reading from and writing to the associated device file. The Linux kernel supports a device filesystem that enables /dev to be an automatically created virtual filesystem?the kernel and support tools create /dev entries on-the-fly to accommodate the needs of specific drivers. Most distributions now use this facility.

Question 8

modprobe

Answer 8

automatically loads kernel modulesto any depended-on modules .

Question 9

lsmod

Answer 9

shows how much memory each module consumes.

Question 10

lspci

Answer 10

PCI Devices = You can learn manufacturers? names and various configuration options by using these commands.

Question 11

lsusb

Answer 11

USB Devices = You can learn manufacturers? names and various configuration options by using these commands.