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Physical Therapy > Orthotics SMO, IMO, AFO > Flashcards

Orthotics SMO, IMO, AFO Flashcards

1
Q

What motions does an SMO control

A

Probation, Supination, and plantar flexion*

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2
Q

Forces acting to control Supination with an SMO

A

Primary: L-M at the talus
Secondary: M-L at the medial malleoli/Superior timeline
Secondary: M-L at the 1st met head from shoe/Orthotic

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3
Q

Forces acting to control Pronation with a SMO

A

Primary: M-L at the talus
Secondary: L-M at the lateral malleoli
Secondary: L-M at the 5th met head

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4
Q

Forces controlling Supination at using an IMO

A

Primary: L-M at the talus
Secondary: M-L at the Calcaneus
Secondary: M-L at the 1st met head from shoe/Orthotic

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5
Q

Forces acting to control Pronation with a IMO

A

Primary: M-L at the talus
Secondary: L-M at the Calcaneus
Secondary: L-M at the 5th met head

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6
Q

When is a SMO recommended

A

When medial to lateral is not adequently controlled or PF needs controlling

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7
Q

How can an SMO control PF

A

If it has a heel back it controls PF similar to an AFO

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8
Q

Proper alignment of an SMO.

Post, late, med, ant

A

Posterior: Heel cup is vertical or slight virus
Lateral View: Hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot are in neutral
Superior View: Forefront is neutral and bisecting heel. Line should pass between 2nd and 3rd met
Anterior: All metatarsal heads are level

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9
Q

What will a SMO for a flexible deformity look like

A

Will be aligned to neutral

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10
Q

What will a SMO for a rigid deformity look like

A

Not aligned to neutral but to the most optimal alignment possible in regards to the deformity

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11
Q

What is an indication for a full foot plate

A

Pt has no active toe extension

Toe Clawing

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12
Q

Benefit of a semi-rigid or flexible foot plate

A

Use for ambulation because it allows the mets to break

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13
Q

Indication for a rigid foot plate

A

Foot amputees, presence of a toe filler, they are not able to stand with neutral foot alignment

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14
Q

Where does a partial foot plate end and why use it

A

Proximal or at the met heads. If the patient can actively extend the toes for food swing in the gait phase

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15
Q

IMO vs shoe mods

A

IMO is closer to the anatomical shape of a foot

IMO is interchangeable that can be placed in multiple shoes

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16
Q

What are some functions of the foot and ankle

A

Shock absorber
Push of for gait
Mobility
Stability

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17
Q

Which side is structurally designed for mobility and which side for mobility

A

Medial side: Mobility

Lateral side: stability

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18
Q

Which motions are most favored at the Talocural joint

A

PF and DF

19
Q

Which motions are favored at the subtalar joint

A

Inversion and Eversion

20
Q

What motions occur at each joint for pronation of the foot

A

TC: DF
Subtler: Everson
Midtarsal: DF
Tarsal/Metatarsal: Forefoot abduction

21
Q

What motions occur at each joint for Supination of the foot

A

TC: PF
Subtler: Inversion
Midtarsal: PF
Tarsal/metatarsal: Abdduction

22
Q

What is occurring up the kinematic chain with foot pronation

A

Hip: Flexion, Abduction, IR
Tibia: IR
Knee Flex, valgus
Lumbar spine: extension

23
Q

What is occurring up the kinematic chain with foot Supination

A

Tib: ER
Knee: Extends and Varus
Hip: Adduction, ER, Extended
Lumbar flexed

24
Q

How can a shoe act as an Orthotics

A

Provides stability, alignment, and a shock absorber.

25
Q

What are AFO’s made from

A

Plastic
Metal
Hybrid

26
Q

What are the types of plastic foot Orthotics

A

SAFO: solid foot Orthotics
HAFO: hinged foot Orthotic.
(AAFO: articulated)

27
Q

What is the purpose of a Posterior leaf spring Orthotics

A

Will act as a DF assist

Will not control any other motions

28
Q

What is the purpose of a spiral Orthotics

A

Has a Dorsi flexion assist

29
Q

Why use a metal AFO

A

Advised to use when pt weight fluxuates or there is edema

30
Q

What motions does a SAFO control

A

PF, DF, Probation, Supination

31
Q

Forces to control Plantar flexion in AFO

A

Primary: Posterior inferior direction coming from the top/tongue of shoe
Secondary: Going anteriorly from the posterior portion of the superior timeline of the Orthotic
Secondary: Going superiorly from the inferior surface of the Orthotics applied at the met heads

32
Q

Forces to control DF in AFO

A

Primary: Superior and anterior applied from the heel of shoe/Orthosis
Secondary: Going post applied at the anterior superior Orthotics band
Secondary: Going inf applied at the met heads from the toe box of the shoe

33
Q

What does a media flange do

A

Prevents pronation of the foot by controlling IR of the tibia on the talus

34
Q

What does a lateral flange do

A

Prevents Supination by controlling ER of the tibia on the talus

35
Q

What is the benefit of a hinged AFO

A

Allows varying degrees of movement at the ankle

36
Q

What is a prerequisite for prescribing a HAFO to a patient

A

They must demonstrate fair hip and trunk control and emerging control at the knee

37
Q

When prescribe a free ankle joint Orthosis

A

Pt with polio with intact mm’s but compromised hip or knee control

38
Q

When prescribe posterior stop on a AFO

A

To limit plantar flexion for a pt who can’t clear toes in swing phase of gait

39
Q

When prescribe a anterior stop on a AFO

A

When a person walks with a crouched (Knees flexed gait)

40
Q

When prescribe a spring loaded DF assist Orthosis

A

DF facilitation needed at initial swing

41
Q

When is a spring loaded AFO contraindicated

A

With spasticity

42
Q

When to prescribe a spring loaded DF-PF assist AFO

A

To assist with both DF and PF in gait cycle

43
Q

How to name Orthotics

A 
Identify right or left 
Material: Plastic/metal/hybrid
Name: SAFA
Motions controlled and joint 
Additional features

Physical Therapy (18 decks)

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