Lesson 2

Question 1

Chromosomal speaking, what is the difference between males and females?

Answer 1

Females: 23rd chromosome pair is XX
Males: 23rd chromosome pair is Xy

Question 2

A reproductive cell that can reproduce a new individual if it combines with a reproductive cell of the opposite sex.

Answer 2

Gamete

Question 3

A gene that codes with other genes to affect a specific trait. e.g. Height: tall gene + short gene = medium height.

Answer 3

Additive gene

Question 4

Name 2 common X-linked disorders (recessive X chromosome genes that are more common in men as there isn’t a corresponding X chromosome to potentially counteract the disorder)

Answer 4

Red-green color blindness

Hemophilia

Question 5

What year did the human genome project map the specific gene sequence of each chromosome?

Answer 5

2001

Question 6

Approximately how many genes does a human have?

Answer 6

30,000

Question 7

This genetic disorder results in:

Abnormal digestion of proteins, possible mental retardation or hyperactivity, and is preventable through diet.

Answer 7

Phenylketonuria

PKU

Question 8

This genetic disorder is due to the absence of an X chromosome on the 23rd pair. Only affects girls and may result in impaired cognitive function, psychosocial development, or sexual development.

Answer 8

Turner syndrome

Question 9

This genetic disorder is due to an extra chromosome on the 21st pair.

Answer 9

Down Syndrome or trisomy 21

Question 10

This disease is due to a genetic mutation that results in a central nervous system disorder that stays inactive until adulthood.

Answer 10

Huntington’s Disease

Question 11

This genetic disorder is a sex-linked disorder that is carried on the X chromosome. Produces mild to moderate cognitive impairment and is the scone leading cause of mental retardation in the United States. Affects boys more than girls.

Answer 11

Fragile X Syndrome

Question 12

This genetic disorder is inherited through a recessive gene. It is an enzyme disease in which gangliosides, products of fat metabolism, accumulate in tissues. Produces blindness and muscle degeneration.

Answer 12

Tay-Sach’s Disease

Question 13

This genetic disorder is found in boys and results from the presence of an abnormal sex chromosome on the 23rd pair: XXY. Results in abnormal growth patterns usually evident at puberty, as well as cognitive delays.

Answer 13

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

Question 14

This genetic disease is a dominant inheritance for early onset, but multi-factorial causation after 60 years. Results in loss of memory with increasing mental impairment.

Answer 14

Alzheimer’s Disease

Question 15

When the cell forms with 23 chromosomes each from the mother and father, what is it called?

Answer 15

Zygote

Question 16

What are 3 common pre-natal genetic tests performed on the unborn?

Answer 16

Amniocentesis
Chorionic Villus sampling
Ultrasound Sonography

Question 17

What are the 3 stages of prenatal growth and development?

Answer 17

Germinal
Embryonic
Fetal

Question 18

First and shortest prenatal stage lasting from fertilization to two weeks. The fertilized egg is now called a blastocyte and moves from the Fallopian tube to the uterine wall.

Answer 18

Germinal stage (pre-embryonic)

Question 19

Second stage of the prenatal period lasting from 2 weeks to 8 weeks. Initial development of major organs and basic body structure.

Answer 19

Embryonic stage

Question 20

3rd stage of prenatal development lasting from about 8-weeks until birth.

Answer 20

Fetal stage

Question 21

If rubella strikes before ?, it can cause serious effects to the unborn baby?

Answer 21

11 weeks

Question 22

What is the name of the drug given to women for morning sickness in the 50’s that caused severe birth defects? (Stumps for limbs)

Answer 22

Thalidomide

Question 23

What is the primary preventable cause of mental retardation in the United States?

Answer 23

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

Question 24

A factor that can negatively impact prenatal development, can lead to birth defects or even death.

Answer 24

Teratogen

Question 25

How many veins/arteries does the umbilical cord have?

Answer 25

1 vein (carrying blood from placenta to fetus)
2 arteries (carrying blood from fetus to placenta)

Question 26

What is considered full term?

What is the earliest survivable birth?

Answer 26

38 weeks

22 weeks

Question 27

What is considered low birth weight (LBW)?

Answer 27

Less than 5.5 lbs

Question 28

Alternative birthing method, popular in the 70’s, focused on creating a soothing and quiet environment like the womb. After birth, the baby would be placed on the mom, then floated in a pool of warm water.

Answer 28

Leboyer method

Question 29

What hormone is triggered to begin the process leading to birth?

Answer 29

Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone (CRH)

Question 30

What does APGAR stand for?

Answer 30

Neonatal assessment scoring tool
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respirations