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NS9 - Life Sciences 2019 > Different cells > Flashcards

Different cells Flashcards

1
Q

Unique structures that plants cells have

A
  • Chloroplasts
  • Large vacuoles
  • Cell wall
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2
Q

Unique appearance of a plant cells

A
  • Plant cells generally more box-like because of the cell wall
  • They often appear green due to the chloroplasts
  • Often have a large “empty” space inside due to the vacuole
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3
Q

Green substance in chloroplasts

A

Chlorophyll

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4
Q

Function of chlorophyll

A

Absorbs light energy from the sun

Converts it into energy rich glucose

Process called photosynthesis

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5
Q

Chemical that glucose is stored as in plant cells

A

Starch

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6
Q

Vacuoles in animal cells

A
  • Absent
  • Or very small
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7
Q

Unicellular

A

Consisting of a single cell

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8
Q

Macroscopic

A

Large enough to be seen with the naked eye

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9
Q

Multicellular

A

Consisting of many cells

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10
Q

Specialise

A

to take on a particular function and only perform that function

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11
Q

Example of a unicellular organism

A

bacteria

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12
Q

Example life processes that living things all do

A
  • Feeding
  • respiration
  • excretion
  • reproduction
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13
Q

Why multicellular organisms have specialised cells

A
  • Not possible for every cell in our bodies to carry out all the life processes.
  • As complex organisms, we need groups of cells to specialise.
  • Specialised cells carry out particular functions.
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14
Q

Hierarchy (levels) of organisation in multicellular organisms

A
  • Cells
  • Tissues
  • Organs
  • Systems
  • Organism
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15
Q

Cells of a multicellular organism

A

All organisms are made up of cells

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16
Q

Tissues of a multicellular organism

A
  • A group of specialised cells
  • Having the same structure
  • Performing the same function
17
Q

Organs of a multicellular organism

A
  • Groups of different tissues
  • Performing a particular function
  • E.g. the heart made of different tissues to pump blood
18
Q

Systems of a multicellular organism

A
  • Groups of different organs
  • Performing a particular function
  • E.g. digestive system made of many organs to digest food and absorb nutrients
19
Q

An complex multicellular organism

A
  • An individual made up of different systems
  • That work together to keep the organism alive
20
Q

Epithelial tissue

A
  • a tissue that covers the organs and surfaces of an organism
  • e.g. cheek cells
21
Q

Nerve tissue

A

a tissue that transmits nerve impulses around the body

22
Q

Stem cells

A
  • Cells that have not yet developed or specialised
  • Able to specialise into almost any type of cell in the human body
23
Q

Stem cell research

A
  • Harvesting (collecting) stem cells
  • Trying to use them to cure diseases
24
Q

Ways of harvesting stem cells

A
  • Adult stem cells from blood, fat tissue and bone marrow
  • Umbilical stem cells from the umbilical cord when a baby is born
  • Embryonic stem cells from human embryos
25
Q

Reasons for opposition to stem cell research

A
  • The best stem cells are embryonic cells
  • The embryo is destroyed in the process of harvesting these
  • This is considered by some to be ethically or morally wrong
  • They feel that a human life is being destroyed in this process
26
Q

A curved piece of glass that is used to magnify small objects

A

a lens

27
Q

An instrument used to look at objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye

A
  • A magnifying glass
  • A microscope
28
Q

The functional unit of any living organism

A

The cell

29
Q

A general term used to describe the small structures found inside a cell and each perform a particular function

A

Organelle

30
Q

Chemical processes that occur in all living organism that are essential to keep the organism alive

A

Metabolism

31
Q

A small piece of glass that specimens are placed on before they are viewed under the microcope

A

A slide and coverslip

32
Q

Total magnification when using a microscope: eyepiece of 10X and objective of 10X

A

100X

33
Q

Objective magnification when the eyepiece lens is 10X and the total magnification is 400X

A

40X

34
Q

Animal or plant cell? Reasons?

A

Plant cell

  • Large central vacuole
  • Cell wall
  • Green chloroplasts

NS9 - Life Sciences 2019 (9 decks)

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