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General work > Terms of movement > Flashcards

Terms of movement Flashcards

1
Q

flexion

A

indicates bending or deceasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body. most joints it involves movement in an anterior direction

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2
Q

extension

A

indicates straightening or increasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body
(usually in posterior direction)

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3
Q

dorsiflexion

A

flexion at the ankle joint

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4
Q

plantarflexion

A

bends foot and toes toward the ground

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5
Q

hyperextension

A

overextension, causes whiplash, extension of the limb beyond the normal limit

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6
Q

abduction

A

moving away from the medial plane

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7
Q

adduction

A

means moving towards it

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8
Q

circumduction

A

circular movements that involves sequential flexion, abduction, extension and adduction, so that the distal area moves in a circle

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9
Q

rotation

A

involves turning or revolving a part of the body along its longitudinal axis (turning ones head to face sideways)

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10
Q

medial rotation

A

internal rotation; brings the anterior surface of a limb closer to the medial plane

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11
Q

lateral rotation

A

external rotation, takes anterior surface away from the medial plane

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12
Q

what happens during pronation and supination

A

rotational movements of the forearm and hand that swing the distal end of the radius (the lateral long bone of the forearm) medially and laterally around and across the anterior aspect of the ulna while the proximal end of the radius rotates in place

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13
Q

pronation

A

rotates the radius medially so that the palm faces posteriorly and its dorsum faces anteriorly. When elbow flexed, pronation moves palm facing inferiorly

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14
Q

supination

A

rotates the radius laterally, uncrossing it from the ulna. Anatomical position. When elbows flexed, spuinaiton moves the hand to face palms superiorly

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15
Q

eversion

A

moves the sole of the foot away from the medial plane, turning the sole laterally

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16
Q

inversion

A

moves the sole of the foot toward the median plane (facing the sole medially)

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17
Q

opposition

A

movement by which the first digit (thumb) is brought to another digit pad

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18
Q

reposition

A

movement of the first digit from the position of opposition back to its anatomical position

19
Q

protrusion

A

moving anteriorly forward

20
Q

retrusion

A

movement posteriorly backward

21
Q

protraction

A

used for anterolateral and posteromedial movements of the scapula on the thoracic wall, causing shoulder region to move anteriorly

22
Q

retraction

A

used for anterolateral and posteromedial movements of the scapula on the thoracic wall, causing the shoulder to move posteriorly

23
Q

isotonic contractions

A

muscle changes length in relationship to the production of movement. 2 types, concentric and eccentric

24
Q

isometric contractions

A

muscle length remains the same, no movement occurs but the force (muscle tension) is increased above tonic levels to resist gravity or other antagonistic force

25
Q

concentric contactions

A

isotonic contraction when movement occurs due to muscle shortening (lifting a cup, pushing a door, athletic training when exceptional force)

26
Q

eccentric contractions

A

isotonic contraction when a contracting muscle lengthens as it undergoes a controlled and gradual relaxation while continually exerting a diminishing force

27
Q

myotatic reflexes

A

automatic aspect of voluntary muscles when movement occurs after a muscle is stretched by tapping a tendon with a reflex hammer

28
Q

electromyography

A

EMG. The electrical stimulation of muscles. Electrodes placed over muscles and amplifies and records the differences in action potentials of the muscles when patient performs certain activity

29
Q

dermatome

A

the unilateral area of skin innervated by the sensory fibers of a single spinal nerve

30
Q

myotome

A

the unilateral muscle mass receiving innervation from fibers conveyed by a single spinal nerve

31
Q

the 2 somatic fibers

A

general sensory fibers and somatic motor fibers

32
Q

the 2 visceral fibers

A

visceral sensory fibers and visceral motor fibers

33
Q

general sensory fibers

A

general somatic AFFARENT fibers (GSA)
transmit sensation from the body to the CNS
May be exteroceptive sensations form the skin( pain, temp, touch, pressure) or pain and proprioceptive sensations from muscle, tendons and joints

34
Q

proprioceptive sensations

A

subconscious providing information regarding joint position and the tension of muscles and tendons along with input from vestibular apparatus of the internal ear

35
Q

somatic motor fibers

A

general somatic EFFERENT (GSE) fibers transmit impulses to skeletal )voluntary) muscles

36
Q

visceral sensory fibers

A

general visceral AFFARENT (GVA) fibers transmit pain or subconscious visceral reflex sensations (info concerning distention, blood gas and blood pressure levels) from hollow organs and blood vessels to the CNS

37
Q

visceral motor fibers

A

general visceral efferent (GVE) fibers transmit impulses to smooth involuntary muscle and glandular tissues (both presynaptic and postsynaptic)

38
Q

paresthesia

A

the pins-and-needles sensation that occurs when nerve is compressed/ pressure on that nerve

39
Q

the somatic nervous system consists of…

A

consists of somatic parts of CNS and PNS

40
Q

the somatic sensory system

A

transmits sensations of touch pain, temp and position from sensory receptors

41
Q

the somatic nervous system

A

innervates only skeletal muscle stimulating voluntary and reflex movement of the muscle to contract

42
Q

ANS comprised of…

A

visceral nervous system or visceral motor system

43
Q

ANS motor fibers stimulate

A

smooth involuntary muscle, cardiac muscle, glandular secretory cells

44
Q

ANS efferent nerve fibers and ganglia are organized as…

A

sympathetic division (thoracolumbar) and parasympathetic division (craniosacral)

General work (7 decks)

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