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Linguistics > Morphology > Flashcards

Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

affix

A

bound morpheme that attaches to a stem

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2
Q

Affixation

A

process of forming words by adding affixes to morphemes

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3
Q

agglutinating language

A

a type of synthetic language in which the relationships between words in a sentence are indicated primarily by bound morphemes. morphemes are joined together loosely so that it us easy to determine where the boundaries between morphemes are

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4
Q

allomorph

A

one set of non distinctive realizations of a particular morpheme that have the same function and are phonetically similar

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5
Q

alternation

A

uses morpheme-internal modifications to make new words or morphological distinctions

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6
Q

ambiguity

A

the phenomenon by which a single linguistic form can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression. the form that is shared by more than one expression is said to be ambiguous

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7
Q

analytic language

A

type of language in which most words consist of one morpheme and sentences are composed of sequences of these free morphemes. grammatical relationships are often indicated by word order

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8
Q

bound morpheme

A

morpheme that has some associated basic meaning but that is unable to stand alone as a word on its own right

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9
Q

bound root

A

morpheme that has some associated basic meaning, but that is unable to stand alone as a word in its own right

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10
Q

closed lexical category

A

in which the members are fairly rigid established and additions are made very rarely and only over long periods of time

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11
Q

compounding

A

word formation process by which words are formed through combining two or more are formed through combining 2 or more independent words

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12
Q

conjunction

A

a lexical category that consists of function words

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13
Q

content morpheme

A

morpheme that carries semantic content (as opposed to merely performing grammatical function)

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14
Q

content word

A

a word whose primary purpose is to contribute semantic content to the phrase in which it occurs. all free content morphemes are content words

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15
Q

derivation

A

a process by which an underlying form is changed as phonological rules act upon it

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16
Q

determiner

A

the name of a lexical category and syntactic category that consists of expressions such as a this all etc. syntactically, consists of those expressions of category noun phrase

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17
Q

form

A

a structure or shape of any particular linguistic item

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18
Q

free morpheme

A

a morpheme that can stand alone as a word

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19
Q

function morpheme

A

morpheme that provides information about the grammatical relationship between words in a sentence

20
Q

function word

A

a word that has little semantic content and whose primary purpose is to indicate grammatical relationships between other words within a phrase

21
Q

fusional language

A

a type of synthetic language in which the relationships between the words in a sentence are indicated by bound morphemes that are difficult to separate from the stem

22
Q

hierarchical structure

A

the dominance relationship at relatively high area of the oral cavity

23
Q

homophony

A

the phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or non phrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form (sound the same)

24
Q

incorporation

A

morphological process by which several distinct semantic components are combined into a single word in poly synthetic language

25
Q

infix

A

type of bound morpheme that is inserted into the middle of the stem

26
Q

inflection

A

a morphological process whereby the form of a word is modified to indicate some grammatically relevant information, such as a person, number, tense, gender etc

27
Q

input

A

linguistic form before the application of a rule or set of rules

28
Q

lexical category

A

class of words grouped together based on morphological properties. traditionally known as part of speech

29
Q

lexicon

A

a mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions, including their form, meaning, morphological and syntactic properties. as part of a descriptive not mental, grammar, the lexicon i the representation of the mental lexicon consisting of lexical entries that capture the relevant properties of lexical expressions

30
Q

morpheme

A

smallest linguistic unit that has a meaning or grammatical function

31
Q

open lexical category

A

new member are often introduced

32
Q

output

A

the linguistic form obtained after an application of a rules or set of rules

33
Q

partial reduplication

A

only part of a morpheme is reduplicated

34
Q

polysynthetic language

A

a type if language tat attaches several affixes to a stem to indicate grammatical relationships

35
Q

prefix

A

affix that attaches to the beginning of the stem

36
Q

preposition

A

the name of a lexical category that consists of expressions such as of in for with etc. syntactically, this category consists of those expressions that when combined with a noun phrase to their right result in a prepositional phrase

37
Q

productive

A

describes a rule (stating under what circumstances an affix may be added to a stem)that can be applied in novel situations to produce novel grammatical forms

38
Q

pronoun

A

lexical category that consists of words such as I she us etc. syntactically, pronouns belong to the category

39
Q

reduplication

A

process of forming new words by doubling either an entire word or part of a word

40
Q

reduplicant

A

the morpheme of part of a morpheme that is repeated in reduplication

41
Q

root

A

free morpheme or bound root in a word that contributes most semantic content to the word, and to which affixes can attach

42
Q

simultaneous affix

A

an affix that is articulated at the same time as some other affix or affixes in a word

43
Q

stem

A

the base consisting of one or more morphemes to which some affix is added. the stem always includes the root and may also include one or more affixes

44
Q

suffix

A

affix that attaches to the end of a stem

45
Q

suppletion

A

morphological process between forms of a words wherein one form cannot be phonologically or morphologically derived from the other

Linguistics (7 decks)

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