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Microbiology > CH. 4: Microorg. Growth > Flashcards

CH. 4: Microorg. Growth Flashcards

1
Q

These are DEGRADED PROTEINS.

A

Peptones

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2
Q

WATER SOLUBLE components of a substance that provides VITAMINS, MINERALS, ect.

A

Extract

i.e. Meat juice/beef stock

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3
Q

True or False: culture media may include substances to counteract harmful constituents for difficult to grow organisms.

A

TRUE,

CULTURE MEDIA sometimes INCLUDES substances to COUNTERACT HARMFUL CONSTITUENTS.

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4
Q

This type of media consists if a mixture of PURE CHEMICALS.

A

Chemically Defined Media

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5
Q

When are CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIA used?

A

For research when NUTRIENTS are PRECISELY CONTROLLED.

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6
Q

True or False: chemically defined media are buffered.

A

TRUE,

Chemically defined media ARE BUFFERED.

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7
Q

What is an example of chemically defined media?

A

Glucose Salts

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8
Q

BROTH is what type of media?

A

Liquid

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9
Q

What is the SOLIDIFYING AGENT of most SOLID MEDIA?

A

Agar (algae extract)

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10
Q

What are FIVE (5) characteristics of solid AGAR media?

A
  1. Stable, microbes do not degrade
  2. Solid over wide temperature range
  3. Melts slightly above 95 degrees C
  4. Solidifies slightly below 45 degrees C
  5. Translucent
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11
Q

Name TEN (10) MAJOR ELEMENTS needed in large amounts for SYNTHESIS of cell parts, proteins, carbs, lipids and nuclei acids.

A
  1. Carbon
  2. Oxygen
  3. Nitrogen
  4. Sulfur
  5. Phosphate
  6. Potassium
  7. Hydrogen
  8. Calcium
  9. Iron

C, O, N, S, K, P, H, Mg, Ca, Fe

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12
Q

This is the process where major elements CONVERT NITROGEN gas INTO AMMONIA, NITRATES or NITRITES.

A

Nitrogen fixation

OTHER elements acquired by INORGANIC SALTS

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13
Q

These kinds of ELEMENTS are needed in SMALL AMOUNTS.

A

Trace Elements

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14
Q

What do TRACE ELEMENTS do?

A

Form parts of enzymes

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15
Q

Name FIVE (5) TRACE ELEMENTS.

A
  1. Cobalt
  2. Zinc
  3. Copper
  4. Manganese
  5. Molybdenum
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16
Q

These compounds are provided because the compounds needed CANNOT be SYNTHESIZED from ELEMENTS PROVIDED.

A

Growth Factors

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17
Q

If an organism required MANY GRIWTH FACTORS it is considered to be __________.

A

Fastidious

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18
Q

True or False: any organism can grow in any environment.

A

FALSE,

Each organism had a LIMITED ENVIRONMENT in which it can grow

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19
Q

In regards to CULTIVATING MICROORGANISMS, this type of media INHIBITS the GROWTH of OTHER microorganisms EXCEPT for the one BEING SOUGHT.

A

Selective Media

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20
Q

In regards to CULTIVATING MICROORGANISMS this type of media CONTAINS a SUBSTANCE that certain bacteria CHANGE in a RECOGNIZABLE WAY.

A

Differential Media

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21
Q

This type of CULTURE provides conditions in a BROTH that preferentially ENHANCES the GROWTH of one PARTICULAR ORG. which may be FEW IN NUMBER.

A

Enrichment Culture

22
Q

Adding SELECTIVE AGENTS to a MIXED POPULATION to find a DESIRED ORGANISM is called ______________.

A

Selective Enrichment

23
Q

This method determines an organism’s NEED for OXYGEN by MELTING and COOLING nutrient AGAR and INOCULATING organism before the agar solidifies accompanied by an OXYGEN GRADIENT.

A

Shake Tube Method

24
Q

These organisms have an ABSOLUTE REQUIREMENT for OXYGEN.

A

Obligate Aerobes

25
Q

These organisms CANNOT MULTIPLY if any OXYGEN is PRESENT.

A

Obligate Anaerobes (AN-Aerobes)

26
Q

These organisms GROW BETTER in the PRESENCE of OXYGEN but CAN GROW WITHOUT it.

A

Facultative Anaerobes

(AN-Aerobes)

27
Q

These organisms require SMALL AMOUNTS of OXYGEN,

A

Microaerophiles

28
Q

These organisms are INDIFFERENT to OXYGEN.

A

Aerotolerant Anaerobes

(AN-Aerobes)

29
Q

Organisms that needed INCREASED CO2 + 15% OXYGEN.

A

Capnophiles

30
Q

List THREE (3) methods of culturing INCREASED CO2 requiring SPECIES such as CAPNOPHILES.

A
  1. Sealed jars w/ lit candle
  2. High CO2 incubators
  3. Sealed chambers w/ CO2 sachets
31
Q

What is ONE (1) method used to CULTURE MICROAEROPHILIC species?

A

Place in GAS TIGHT JAR w/ CHEMICALS that GENERATE HYDROGEN and CO2 and REACT with some of the OXYGEN present.

(NOT ALL oxygen is reacted)

32
Q

List THREE (3) ways to CULTURE ANAEROBES (harmed by oxygen)?

A
  1. In an ANAEROBE JAR with CATALYSTS to REACT with ALL OXYGEN
  2. Add REDUCING AGENT to COMBINE w/ OXYGEN boil
  3. Place in an elaborate CHAMBER that ELIMINATES OXYGEN.
33
Q

Bacteria reproduce asexually by a process called __________.

A

Binary Fission

34
Q

What are the THREE (3) steps to BINARY FISSION?

A
  1. Duplicate nucleoid and cells parts
  2. Elongate
  3. Separate
35
Q

What is the FORMULA used for MICROBIAL GROWTH?

A

Final pop= initial pop x 2^ # of gen

Nt= FINAL population

No= INITIAL population

n= Number of GENERATIONS

Nt = No x 2^n

36
Q

Complex UNDEFINED media with MANY INGREDIENTS.

A

Culture media

37
Q

These types of organisms EXIST in FROZEN CONDITIONS, -5 to 18 degrees C.

A

Psychrophiles

38
Q

These types of organisms EXIST in REFRIGERATED CONDITIONS, -2 to 35 degrees C.

A

Psychrotrophs

39
Q

These types of organisms are HUMAN DISEASE CAUSING, 13 to 45 degrees C.

A

Mesophiles

40
Q

These types of organisms EXIST in HOT SPRINGS, WATER HEATERS and COMPOSTS, 41 to 80 degrees C.

A

Thermophiles

41
Q

These organisms EXIST in OCEAN VENTS, 75 to 112 degrees C.

A

Hypertgermophiles

42
Q

Most of these organisms grow in a pH of 5-8, but 7 is the optimum.

A

Neutrophiles

43
Q

These organisms grow best below a pH of 5.5.

A

Acidophiles

44
Q

These organisms grow best above a pH of 8.5.

A

Alkaphiles

45
Q

These organisms require HIGH SALT concentrations to grow.

A

Halophiles

46
Q

These organisms can TOLERATE HIGH concentrations of SALT but DO NOT REQUIRE it.

A

Halotolerant

47
Q

What is used for DETERMINING the NUMBERS WITHOUT growing in a CULTURE and count both ALIVE and DEAD cells.

A

Direct Cell Count

48
Q

This method is used to COUNT organisms in a KNOWN VOLUME using a special glass SLIDE WITH GRIDS and needs a LARGE POPULATION.

A

Direct Microscopic Count

49
Q

What is the minimum number of cells needed in a population for the DIRECT MICROSCOPIC COUNTING method?

A

10 million cells per mL

50
Q

This CELL COUNTING INSTRUMENT is an ELECTRONIC UNIT that counts CELLS suspended IN conducting FLUID as it passes through a slit SINGLE FILE.

A

Coulter Counter

51
Q

This CELL COUNTING INSTRUMENT measures SCATTERING of LIGHT by cells as they are passed by a LASER.

A

Flow Cytometer

Microbiology (5 decks)

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