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renal > renal pathology > Flashcards

renal pathology Flashcards

1
Q

renal hypoplasia is more common ___lateral, and agenesis is more common____lateral

A

unilateral; bilateral

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2
Q

kidneys just above the pelvic brim with kinking or toruosity of ureters

A

ectopic kidney

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3
Q

renal cystic disease more often seen in adults

A

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

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4
Q

simple cysts smaller than____are fine

A

5 cm

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5
Q

mutation of PKD1 or PKD2

A

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

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6
Q

in ppl dx’w with ADPKD, when do they develop renal failure

A

in their 50’s

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7
Q

what is the 4th leading cause of end stage renal disase?

A

ADPKD

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8
Q

berry aneurysms occurs in 10% of patients, hepatic cysts

A

ADPKD

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9
Q

when ___of the kidney is affected by ADPKD, dysfxn begins

A

2/3

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10
Q

mutation of PKHD1, childhood presentation

A

autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

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11
Q

huge, white smooth surfaced kidneys at birth

A

ARPKD

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12
Q

which PKD is associated with congenital hepatic fibrosis

A

ARPKD

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13
Q

retention cysts are AKA?

A

simple cysts

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14
Q

diffuse disease concerns____

A

glomeruli; at least 51%

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15
Q

when less than 50% of glomerulus are affected, it is called?

A

focal

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16
Q

renal biopsy is routinely stained for which Ig?

A

IG G,A,M

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17
Q

syndrome assc’d with hematuria

A

nephritic

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18
Q

syndrome assc’d with severe proteinuria

A

nephrotic syndrome

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19
Q

what is due to breaks in the glomerular capillary loops

A

nephritic syndrome

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20
Q

what is due to glomerular capillary filtration defects?

A

nephrotic syndrome

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21
Q

tubular injury that presents with oliguria + rapid rise in serum creatinine

A

acute renal failure

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22
Q

HTN, hematuria, RBC casts

A

nephritic syndrome

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23
Q

proteinuria>___, edema, hypoalbuminemia, fatty casts

A

> 3.5g/24 hr; nephrotic syndrome

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24
Q

micro changes seen in chronic renal failure (3)

A
  1. glomerular sclerosis
  2. interstitial fibrosis
  3. tubular atrophy
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25
Q

most common cause of nephrotic syndome in children 2-6 yo

A

minimal change glomerulopathy

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26
Q

another name for minimal change glomerulopathy

A

lipoid nephrosis

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27
Q

diffuse epithelial foot process effacement

A

minimal change glomerulopathy

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28
Q

can be caused by HIV or heroin use

A

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

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29
Q

Af Am, HIV+, pitting edema, c/o HA

A

FSGS

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30
Q

segmental sclerosis on LM, diffuse epithelial cell foot process effacement

A

FSGS

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31
Q

spikes on LM, granular IgG & C3 on IF; subepithelial deposits on EM

A

membranous glomerulopathy

32
Q

___% of those with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis will progress to ____within 10 yrs

A

50%; chronic renal failure

33
Q

subendothelial deposits characterizes type ____MPGN; intramembranous deposits characterize type ____MPGN

A

type 1; type 2

34
Q

thickening of GBM + proliferative mesangial cells

A

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

35
Q

tram tracks on LM silver stain

A

MPGN type 1

36
Q

which type of MPGN has C3 nephritic factor

A

MPGN type 2

37
Q

acute nephritic syndrome caused by what 2 conditions

A
  1. diffuse prolfierative glomerulonephritis

2. crescenteric glomerulonephritis

38
Q

acute glomerulonephritis is most commonly associated with____

A

strep

39
Q

hematuria, azotemia, oliguria, in kids after latent period of 1-3 weeks post strep infxn

A

acute glomerulonephritis

40
Q

acute glomerulonephritis is assc’d with ____complement levels

A

low

41
Q

subepithelial humps; scattered granular IgG, IGM & C3 along GBM & mesangium

A

post-strep GM

42
Q

anti-GBM, IC, anti-PMN

A

crescent glomerulonephritis

43
Q

linear cigarette smoke IF

A

goodpasture disease

44
Q

granular, lumpy bumpy IF

A

SLE

45
Q

Ab against collagen IV, results in vasculitis, esp in lung & kidney

A

goodpastures disease

46
Q

what are the ANCA-associated GN?

A

pauci-immune crescentic GN

47
Q

most common type of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide?

A

IgA nephropathy

48
Q

immune complex deposition in mesangium, present with mild hematuria, proteinuria

A

IgA nephropathy

49
Q

mesangial proliferation is considered >____cells per mesangium

A

3

50
Q

defect in the basement membrane due to mutation in alpha-5 chain of collagen IV

A

alport syndrome

51
Q

male boy with sensorineural deafness with microscopic hematuria, x linked dominance

A

alport syndrome

52
Q

splitting and lamination, basket-weave pattern (key lesions)

A

alport syndrome

53
Q

normal LM, negative IF, thin GBM on EM

A

thin GBM disease

54
Q

granular immune complex deposition of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C4

A

lupus nephritis

55
Q

big pale waxy kidney with leaky glomerular basement membrane

A

amyloidosis

56
Q

50% of acute renal failure is due to

A

acute tubular necrosis

57
Q

acute interstitial nephritis can be due to what drugs (4)

A
  1. PCN
  2. rifampin
  3. ibuprofen
  4. thiazide diuretics
58
Q

most common cause of pyelonephritis

A

E coli

59
Q

presentation with pain in costo-vertebral angle, WBC casts in urine, neutrophilic infiltrates

A

acute pyelonephritis

60
Q

pitting geographic scars

A

chronic pyelonephritis

61
Q

thyroidization

A

chronic pyelonephritis

62
Q

which tumor is always in the cortex, and smaller than 0.5 cm, with pale yellow well-circumscribed nodules

A

papillary adenoma

63
Q

which tumor is associated with tuberous sclerosis

A

angiomyolipoma

64
Q

main risk factors to know for renal cell carcinoma (3)

A
  1. tobacco
  2. chronic renal failure
  3. acquired cystic renal disease
65
Q

presentation with hematuria, abdominal mass, invades the renal vein early

A

renal cell carcinoma

66
Q

loss of VHL histotype of RCC

A

clear cell RCC

67
Q

activation of pro-oncogene MET histotype of RCC

A

papillary renal cell carcinoma

68
Q

loss of multiple chrom–>hypodiploidy (histotype of RCC)

A

chromophobe RCC

69
Q

which RCC histotype has the best prognosis?

A

chromophobe RCC

70
Q

solitary unilateral lesion, yellow-orange with sharply defined margins, abundant capillaries

A

clear cell RCC

71
Q

thick capsule with hemorrhage, foamy macrophages, abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, sparse capillaries

A

chromophil (papillary) RCC

72
Q

inactivation of VHL with cavernous hemangiomas in cerebellum and incr incidence of RCC

A

von hippel lindau syndrome

73
Q

nephroblastoma is AKA

A

wilms tumor

74
Q

most common renal malignancy of early childhood

A

wilms tumor

75
Q

wilms tumor results from mutation in?

A

WT1 or WT2

76
Q

wilms tumor components on histology (4)?

A
  1. blastema
  2. abortive glomeruli
  3. spindle cell stroma
  4. abortive tubules

renal (27 decks)

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