Chapter 2 Test Flashcards
The Great Schism
The period (1378-1417) during which the Western church had first two, and later three, lines of popes.
John Wycliffe
English professor and theologian, critic of the Roman Catholic Church during the 14th century, criticized hypocritical clergy and emphasized private interpretation of scripture. He translated the New Testament into English. Nickname: Morning Star of the Reformation
Lollards
Preachers who taught Wycliffe’s teachings, forced to renounce their beliefs or be burned at the stake
Conciliar movement
The belief that the Catholic Church should be led by councils of cardinals rather than popes. By 1450, the popes had triumphed over the challenge of this.
The Renaissance
The period immediately following the Middle Ages in Europe saw a great revival of interest in the classical learning and values of ancient Greece and Rome
Italian Renaissance
Where an almost purely secular attitude first appeared. What was so captivating was a sense of the vast range of human powers.
Humanism
Renaissance intellectual movement based on the deep study of classical culture and emphasizing the study of the humanities as a means for self-improvement
Florence
The Italian city that produced an amazing number of leading figures of the Italian Renaissance
Machiavelli
Italian Renaissance author called the founder of modern political science for writing The Prince, the first purely secular treatise on politics
Northern Renaissance
Countries much less conscious of any sudden break with the Middle Ages. Most interest in the human potential to understand and control physical nature. The religious interests of this time were reflected both in religious scholarship and in the religious impulsion of individual mystics.
Erasmus
Dutch Renaissance Humanist, Catholic priest, social critic, teacher, and theologian. The greatest of all the northern humanists and the most notable figure of the entire humanist movement, nicknamed the “Prince of Humanists.”
Johannes Gutenberg
German inventor of the printing press, 1450
New Monarchs
After the middle of the 15th century, ________ resumed the interrupted labors of the medieval kings, strengthening royal authority over feudal authority and laying the basis for national territorial states. Whether a country turned Protestant or remained Catholic depended on political considerations.
War of the Roses
1450-1485, opposing nobles warred for the English throne
Henry VII
Last English king to gain the throne by force. He ended the War of the Roses and began the Tudor Dynasty
