Exam 1 (Research)

Question 1

Process of EBT

Answer 1

1. Acknowledge you have a lack in knowledge
2. Ask a focused clinical question
3. Acquire evidence related to question
4. Appraise the evidence
5. Apply the evidence
6. Assess the outcomes

Question 2

Knowledge Translation

Answer 2

Translating scientific evidence into clinical practice

Involves knowledge producer, consumer, and benificiaries.

Process of embedding a new treatment method or changing the accepted standard of care

Question 3

Knowledge transfer

Answer 3

Transfer of knowledge from producer to consumer

Question 4

Knowledge exchange

Answer 4

Exchange of info between producer and consumer (both ways)

Question 5

Critically appraised topic vs. critically appraised paper

Answer 5

CAT: >2 papers appraised
CAP: 1 paper appraised

Question 6

3 Components of Evidence Based Practice

Answer 6

1. Best research evidence
2. Clinical expertise
3. Patient’s values and preferences

Question 7

Background Research Questions

Answer 7

Reflect desire to understand the nature of a patient’s problem

Typically focus on the natural course of a condition and its medical management

Question 8

Foreground Research Questions

Answer 8

Help clinicians and patients make decisions about the management of a problem or issue

E.g. Is this more effective than that?

Question 9

PICO

Answer 9

Patient population
Intervention/ prognostic factor/ exposure
Comparison
Outcome

Question 10

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 10

Use theory to guide development of research question (top down)

Begin with theory and try to confirm it

Question 11

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 11

Gather data and scrutinize for emerging patterns that suggest theory (bottom up; exploratory)

Question 12

Basic Research

Answer 12

Research to obtain empirical data to develop, refine, or test a theory.

Directed without reference to practical use of results

“bench research”

Question 13

Applied Research

Answer 13

Directed toward solving immediate practical problems with functional applications

Testing theories that direct practice

“Clinical research”

Question 14

Translational research

Answer 14

T0: Basic Research
T1: Translation to humans
T2: Translation to patients
T3: Translation to practice
T4: Translation to populations

(T1 and T2 most common)

Question 15

Quantitative research

Answer 15

Positivism
Objectivity through controls to reduce bias
Objective measurement - numbers
Traditional scientific research
Questions are specific

Question 16

Qualitative research

Answer 16

Naturalistic
Subjective, with minimal control
Describe complex nature of humans with perception of individual experiences - lived experiences
Questions are broad

• No experimental intervention

Question 17

Phenomenological approach to qualitative research

Answer 17

Interviews to gather data on “lived experiences”

Produce an understanding of a phenomenon from the participant’s point of view

Question 18

Ethnographical approach to qualitative research

Answer 18

Observations of cultural patterns, either at a distance or from being immersed in the environment
Produce an understanding of the lives of the participants

Question 19

Ground theory of qualitative research

Answer 19

Repeated interviews and/ or observations…data analyzed continuously with refinement of themes until “saturation” of data is reached
Produces a theoretical perspective related to the data collected