Vocabulary Chapter 6 Flashcards
Aging Out
Due to a variety of factors, as criminals age they commit less crime, “and presumably establish more positive bonds with the community.”
Blended Sentence
A method that allows youths to be sentenced as either adults or juveniles.
Career Criminals
Repeat offenders that commit a disproportionate amount of crimes.
Determinate Sentencing
Specific penalty (i.e., length of time incarcerated) that an individual convicted of a crime must complete. Does not allow any discretion on the part of the judge.
Flagrante Delicto
Caught Red-Handed
Good Time Credits
Method by which inmates are given time off their criminal sentence if they obey correctional institutional rules.
Indeterminate Sentencing
Penalty that specifies a range that an individual convicted of a crime must complete while incarcerated. Allow discretion on the part of the judge.
Indigent Defendant
Person with no resources. They cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Mandatory Minimum Sentences
If convicted of particular crimes, offenders must spend a specific period of time incarcerated, no matter the extenuating circumstances.
Mass Imprisonment
Tendency to incarcerate everyone who is convicted of a crime no matter how minor.
New Penology
80s crime control in advanced industrial democracies has changed to emphasize “risk management based on actuarial techniques (such as statistical distributions, probability calculations, and systemic goals) to minimize offending.”
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Report prepared by a probation/parole officer and given to a judge that reviews a number of factors relevant to the convicted persons’ circumstances including their criminal history. It makes a recommendation where the person should be sent. The document is given to the judge and shared with the defense attorney and prosecutor. The judge may or may not adopt the recommendation.
Selective Incapacitation
Only locking up individuals who are or might become career criminals or would benefit from incarceration receive jail/prison sentence as determined by a judge.
Sentencing Guidelines
Provide a prescriptive plan that judges use to determine the appropriate sentence for an individual convicted of a crime. Takes into account the offence individual was convicted for, and their criminal history.
Supermax Prison
Highest level security prison in the US. Inmates are in their cells 23 hours a day.
