Taxonomy Of Tasks

Question 1

GOAL DIRECTED BEHAVIORS are guided by what?

Answer 1

1. by the consequences it produces
2. by feedback that inform us as to how close or how far we are from accomplishing our objective.

Question 2

What is a Goal Directed Behavior?

Answer 2

aimed at a specific purpose; it’s intentional; linked to outcomes.

Question 3

What are the three types of goal directed behaviors?

Answer 3

1. Investigatory behavior
2. Functional behavior
3. Communicative behavior (not covered in this class)

Question 4

What is the type of behaviors used to orient, focus or adjust our sensory analyzers to best gather information?

Answer 4

Investigatory behavior

Question 5

What type of behavior is used to localize the source of a sound moving the head sideways so that the pressure patterns arriving at the two ears differ in time?

Answer 5

Investigatory behavior

Question 6

What type of behavior uses mouth and tongue movements to enhance gustatory input and we sniff to amplify olfactory cues?

Answer 6

Investigatory behavior

Question 7

What type of behavior enable us to cope with our everyday physical surroundings and are of most interest to rehabilitation therapist?

Answer 7

Functional behaviors

Question 8

What type of behaviors include walking forward to pick up and object; carrying a child while crossing a busy street; sitting while holding a newspaper so as to read?

Answer 8

Functional behavior

Question 9

Functional behaviors can be analyzed on three levels:

Answer 9

1. Action 2. Movements 3. Neuromotor process

Question 10

To infer that an ACTION has taken place, is it necessary to observe the performer’s movement?

Answer 10

No. Action is defined by the end-state or outcome resulting from performer-environment interaction and does not implicate how that end is achieved.

Question 11

What is the relationship between action, movement, and Neuromotor process?

Answer 11

• Not one-to-one: many movements can used to achieve an action-goal.
• Similarly, neuromotor processes can be organized in many ways to have a particular movement emerge.

Question 12

What is a SKILL?

Answer 12

• Consistently attaining and action-goal with some economy of effort.
• It involves and individual solution to the problem

Question 13

Can a person use one single movement pattern to sit on different chairs?

Answer 13

No.

Question 14

Is SKILL task-specific?

Answer 14

Yes. Ex. The movement pattern used to sit on a wooden chair with arm rests cannot be used to sit on a stool. When the task changes the demands placed on the performer changes too.

Question 15

Tasks are analyzed from two perspectives:

Answer 15

1. The environmental context
2. The action’s functional role

Question 16

In evaluating the environmental context, tasks are categorized as Which 2 types of tasks?

Answer 16

1. The regulatory conditions during a performance
2. By determining whether these conditions change from one attempt to the next. (Intertrial variability)

(motion in the environment or no motion)

Question 17

Putting on a sweater, and buttoning a shirt, are examples of which task category?

Answer 17

Stationary environment

Question 18

Sitting on a moving train is an example of what type of task?

Answer 18

-Motion in the environment CONSISTENT MOTION TASKS

Question 19

Catching a thrown ball is an example of what type of task?

Answer 19

CONSISTENT MOTION TASKS -Motion in the environment

Question 20

Moving through a revolving door is what type of task?

Answer 20

Consistent motion task

Question 21

Which type of task is the one in which the movement’s timing is determined by the external environment?

Answer 21

Consistent motion task

Question 22

In knitting while watching television is INTERTRIAL VARIABILITY present or absent?

Answer 22

Absent. -High predictability of the environment saves attentional-resources

Question 23

Is there INTERTRIAL VARIABILITY When the environmental context changes from one attempt to the next?

Answer 23

Yes.

Question 24

True or false: performance under variable conditions can be characterized as “CONTROLLED” in contrast to the “AUTOMATIC” performance observed when conditions are constant.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Walking on different surfaces including carpet, gravel, or slick tile is an example of what type of task?

Answer 25

Variable Motionless Task

Question 26

In what type of tasks objects or supporting surfaces are in motion but do not change over successive attempts?

Answer 26

Consistent motion task

Question 27

In which type of tasks objects, other people, or supporting surfaces are in motion and conditions change over trials?

Answer 27

Open tasks. -Most complex for the performer

Question 28

The functional role of an action may require:

Answer 28

1. maintaining or changing body orientation (body transport or stability)
2. maintaining or changing the position of objects (manipulation or not)

• Or doing both concurrently

Question 29

Why is it important to distinguish between functional role and neuromotor control processes to understand task requirements?

Answer 29

Think of driving a car, riding an escalator, or riding on a moving floor at the airport = the FUNCTIONAL ROLE is body transport, and the neural processes are regulating postural control. And the opposite: like running on a treadmill: functional role is stability but neural control is the same as in locomotion.

Question 30

True or false. The action’s FUNCTIONAL ROLE (not the engagement of the postural or locomotor system) determines the information processing demands placed on the performer.

Answer 30

True. Hence, driving a car requires processing of information in a fashion similar to walking or running.