2-16-16-Pelvic And Perineal Myology (Olinger)

Question 1

The ___ is sometimes classified as a central tendon of the pelvic and urogenital diaphragms

Answer 1

Perineal body

Question 2

This muscle arises from the ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity and inserts on the perineal body. It supports abdominopelvic viscera and resists increases in intraabdominal pressure.

Answer 2

Superficial transverse perineal m.

Question 3

List the superficial perineal muscles:

Answer 3

Superficial transverse perineal m.
Bulbospongiosus m.
Ischiocavernosus m.

Question 4

What is the innervation of the superficial perineal muscles?

Answer 4

Deep perineal n. –> innervates superficial transverse perineal, ischiocavernosus, and bulbospongiosus

Question 5

This muscle arises from ischiopubic ramus and the ischial tuberosity and inserts on the medial aspect of crus of the penis or clitoris and perineal membrane medial to the crura. It helps maintain an erection of penis or clitoris by compressing venous drainage, forcing blood from the crura into the body of the penis or clitoris

Answer 5

Ischiocavernosus m.

Question 6

This muscle arises from median raphe, ventral bulb of penis and perineal body (males) and perineal body (in females) and inserts on the perineal membrane, fascia of the bulb of the penis and corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernosa of the penis (males) and inserts on the fascia of the bulb of the vestibule of the vagina, pubic arch, and fascia of the corpora cavernosa of the clitoris

Answer 6

Bulbospongiosus m.

Question 7

This muscle supports and fixes perineal body, compresses bulb of the penis, assists in erection by compressing venous drainage, forcing blood from the root of the penis to the body of the penis, expels final drops of urine/semen from the urethra. In femlaes, it compresses the vaginal orifice, assists in erection of bulbs of vestibule of vagina and compresses the greater vestibular gland

Answer 7

Bulbospongiosus m.

Question 8

This muscle layer is desribed as being deep to and separated from the superficial perineal muscles by the perineal membrane; however, may contain elements of the superficial perineal muscles and the perineal membrane

Answer 8

Urogenital diaphragm

Question 9

List the muscles of the urogenital diaphragm:

Answer 9

External urethral sphincter m. (Compressor urethrae and urethrovaginal sphincter muscles) and Deep transverse perineal m.

Question 10

This muscle surrounds the urethra and constricts the urethra to maintain urinary continence

Answer 10

External urethral sphincter muscle

Question 11

What is the innervation of the external urethral sphincter muscle?

Answer 11

Dorsal n. Of penis or clitoris

Question 12

This muscle extends laterally from the external urethral sphincter and constricts the urethra maintaining urinary continence

Answer 12

Compressor urethrae m.

Question 13

This muscle consists of slips of external urethral sphincter muscle that also surrounds the vagina and compresses the vagina.

Answer 13

Urethrovaginal sphincter m.

Question 14

This muscle arises from the ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity and inserts on the median raphe, perineal body, and external anal sphincter

Answer 14

Deep transverse perineal muscle

Question 15

This muscle supports and fixes perineal body, supports abdominopelvic viscera and resists increases in intraabdominal pressure

Answer 15

Deep transverse perineal m.

Question 16

What is the innervation of the deep transverse perineal m.?

Answer 16

Deep perineal n.

Question 17

The ___ in the female is described as being smooth muscular mass along the posterior edge of the perineal membrane

Answer 17

Deep transverse perineal m.

Question 18

What are the anal muscles?

Answer 18

External anal sphincter m

Internal anal sphincter m

Question 19

___ constricts the anal canal during peristalsis, resists defecation, supports and fixes the perineal body

Answer 19

External anal sphincter m.

Question 20

What is the innervation of external anal sphincter m.?

Answer 20

Inferior rectal n.

Question 21

___ is an involuntary sphincter surrounding the superior 2/3 of the anal canal, thickening of circular muscle layer innervated by parasympathetic fibers from pelvic splanchnic nerves

Answer 21

Internal anal sphincter m.

Question 22

The pelvic diaphragm is made up of these muscles:

Answer 22

Levator Ani muscles: Puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus

Coccygeus

Question 23

The superficial fascia of the pelvic diaphragm contains small slips of muscle that insert onto the urinary bladder. These muscles are the ___ from the pubis to the urinary bladder and the ___ from the rectum to the urinary bladder

Answer 23

Pubovesicalis m.

Rectovesicalis m.

Question 24

This muscle maintains the anorectal flexure, supports pelvic viscera, resists increases in intraabdominal pressure

Answer 24

Puborectalis m.

Question 25

What is the innervation to the levator ani muscles?

Answer 25

Nerve to levator ani m. (S4)
Inferior rectal n.
Branches of the coccygeal plexus

Question 26

This muscle produces several small slips of muscle that extend to nearby structures, all sharing similar action and innervation.

Answer 26

Pubococcygeus m.

Question 27

These muscles share similar actions and innveration as the pubococcygeus m.

Answer 27

Levator prostatae m. (Males)
Pubovaginalis m. (Females)
Puboperinealis m. (Both)
Puboanalis m. (both)

Question 28

This muscle supports pelvic viscera and flexes the coccyx

Answer 28

Coccygeus m.

Question 29

What is the innervation to the coccygeus m?

Answer 29

Nerve to coccygeus (S4,5)

Branches of the coccygeal plexus

Question 30

List lateral pelvic wall muscles (also associated with the gluteal region of the LE):

Answer 30

Obturator internus m.

Piriformis m.

Question 31

This lateral pelvic wall muscle rotates the thigh laterally, stabilizes the femoral head in the acetabulum

Answer 31

Obturator internus m.

Question 32

What is innervation to obturator internus m.?

Answer 32

Nerve to obturator internus m.

Question 33

This lateral pelvic wall muscle rotate the thigh laterally, abducts the thigh, and stabilizes the femoral head in the acetabulum

Answer 33

Piriformis m.

Question 34

What is innervation to piriformis?

Answer 34

Nerve to piriformis m.

Question 35

The ___ is an irregular fibromuscular mass in the midline between the anal canal and the perineal membrane. It contains collagenous and elastic fibers and is the attachment point for bulbospongiosus, external anal sphincter m., superficial transverse perineal m., and deep transverse perineal m.

Answer 35

Perineal body