Airway Obstruction Flashcards
Muscles of the larngeal inlet?
Aryepiglottic muscle
Oblique Arytenoid muscle
Thyroepiglottic muscle
Muscles of the vocal cords?
Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle Transverse arytenoid muscle Cricothyroid muscle Thyroarytenoid muscle Vocalis muscle
What nerve innervates all the larngeal muscles (apart from cricothyroid muscle) ?
Recurrent laryngeal muscle
What 3 things does voice production require?
i) air pressure to power the voice (muscles of respiration)
ii) Vibrating structures (vocal cords)
iii) Resonates and articulates (pharynx, oral cavity, nose and sinuses)
What happens to the vocal cords in abductor palsy?
Affected vocal cord sits in abduction position during phonation. Voice relatively normal, 2 vocal cords appose well. When they inspire mild stridor may be heard
What happens to the vocal cords in addutor palsy?
Affected vocal cords sits in adducted position. Voice is v breathy as there is a large gap between the vocal cords in phonation allowing air to escape
What is Reink’s Oedema and how does it appear on the vocal cords?
the swelling of the vocal cords due to fluid (oedema) collected within the Reinke’s space
Vocal cords look slightly pink, dilated blood vessels on the surface. Voice will appear rough
What is stridor?
High pitched harsh noise due to turbulent airflow resulting from airway obstructions
What is stertor?
Low pitched sonorous sound arising from nasopharyngeal airway
What is recurrent respiratory palpillomatosis?
rare disease characterised by growth of tumours on resp tract cause of HPV. Primarily in larynx and on and around the vocal cords
What is subglottic stenosis?
Narrowing of airway below the vocal cords and above the trachea. Involves narrowing of the crioid
What causes Subglottic stenosis?
In children –> congenital
In adults –> vasculitis or idiopathic
How is Subglottic stenosis treated in adults?
CO2 last and balloon
How to treat respiratory arrest?
A,B,C: Resuscitation Oxygen Heliox Steroid Adrenaline Flexible fibre-optic endoscopy Secure airway with ET Tube/Tracheostomy Treat underlying pathology
