An Overview Of Analgesic Drugs

Question 1

Where do the 3 receptors work?

Answer 1

Mu- periphery, spinal cord and brain
Delta - peripheral
Kappa- spinal

Question 2

What are the CNS effects of opioids?

Answer 2

Analgesia 
Euphoria 
Respiratory depression 
Cough suppression 
Nausea and vomiting 
Pupillary constriction

Question 3

What are the peripheral pharmacodynamic effects of opioids?

Answer 3

Inhibition or GI tone and motility

Histamine release from mast cells

Question 4

What are the 4 endogenous opioid peptides and where do they work?

Answer 4

Endorphins- in brain and mu receptor agonist

Enkephalins- in CNS and immune cells act as mu and delta agonists

Dynorphins in CNS and act through K receptors

Endomorphins- Mu receptor agonist

Question 5

What are the 3 major effects of NSAIDs and how do they work?

Answer 5

Anti inflammatory
Anti pyretic
Analgesic

Inhibit COX

Question 6

What is produced in abundance in inflammation and what functions do PGs enhance?

Answer 6

PGE2

Bradykinin receptors, TRPV1 receptors and P2X receptors

Question 7

Where are TRPV1 highly expressed and what activates them?

Answer 7

In sensory nerves

By inflammatory conditions

Question 8

Where does tramadol work and what is it used to treat?

Answer 8

Weak opioid receptor agonist
5HT releaser
Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor

Treat intermediate to chronic pain

Question 9

What is used to treat neuropathic pain?

Answer 9

Tricyclic antidepressants

Anti epileptics

Question 10

What are the three types of GPCR and how do they work?

Answer 10

Mu
Kappa
Delta

Inhibit adenyl Cyclase reduce CAMP open K+ and close Ca2+ causes hyper polarisation and reduce NT