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Islam Prelim > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

Islam

A

Arabic word - submission, monotheistic faith.

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2
Q

Muslim

A

Arabic word - a person who makes submission to Allah.

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3
Q

Umma

A

Islamic community; the worldwide Muslim community.

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4
Q

Mosque

A

Islamic place of worship.

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5
Q

Muhammad

A

Founder and chief prophet of Islam. Qur’an was revealed to him.

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6
Q

Jibril

A

The angel Jibril (Gabriel) appeared to Muhammad and told him to the recite/read.

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7
Q

Revelation

A

Gods disclosure of himself and his will to his people.

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8
Q

Allah

A

The Supreme, Creator, God.

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9
Q

Caliph

A

Successor of Muhammad as leader of the Islamic community, contemporaries of Muhammad. Three functions -Political administration, Tax collection and religious leadership.

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10
Q

Mecca

A

Sacred city of Islam and location of the Kaba.

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11
Q

Sunni

A

Majority of Muslims (90%) - Believe the head of the Muslim community must be the best qualified Arab Muslim. Claim to follow the ‘right path’ of Islam, which for them is the Sunna of the prophet, based on the Qur’an. For Sunni’s all revelation from Allah was complete with Muhammad’s death and is represented by the Qur’an.

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12
Q

Shi’a

A

Remaining 10% of Muslims - Believe that only descendants of the prophet should be leader, and they keep an official list of those who should have governed the Muslim word. Shi’a hold that divine guidance is still available through these descendants of Muhammad, known as an Imam. Important difference for Shi’a - Allowed to pray three distinct times, not five.

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13
Q

Taqwa

A

Awareness or consciousness of Allah.

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14
Q

Qur’an

A

The sacred book of Islam: the word of God revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (the collected revelations he received). The Arabic word for ‘recitation’ or ‘reading’.

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15
Q

Hadith

A

The traditional reports of what the Prophet Muhammad did and/or said. They are second only to the Qur’an in religious importance.

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16
Q

Sunna

A

All the traditions and practices of Muhammad that have become models to be followed by Muslims; the normal lifestyle of the Prophet that became a unifying bond for all parts of the Islamic Umma.

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17
Q

Ayat

A

A verse of the Qur’an

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18
Q

Surah

A

A chapter of the Qur’an

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19
Q

Ethics

A

The religious reflection on moral beliefs and practices, to clarify what is right and wrong and what humans should or shouldn’t do.

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20
Q

Halal

A

Permitted or lawful.

21
Q

Haram

A

Forbidden, unlawful, sinful.

22
Q

Ijtihad

A

Independent reasoning: ethical decision making/interpretation.

23
Q

Ijma’

A

The consensus of Muslim religious scholars in a particular generation.

24
Q

Jurisprudence/Fiqh

A

The Science of law/interpretation. ‘fiqh’ means knowledge, understanding and comprehension.

25
Q

Quiyas

A

Analogies and comparisons with teachings of the qur’an and Hadith

26
Q

Shari’a

A

Islamic law based on the Qur’an and Sunna.

27
Q

Aquida ul-Islam

A

Beliefs of creed of Islam

28
Q

Tawhid

article of faith/principal belief

A

Declaration of unity of God.

  • unity of lordship: one god = Allah
  • unity of worship: no one has the right to be worshiped but Allah
29
Q

Shirk

A

Opposite of Tawhid: to worship another alongside Allah = worst and only unpardonable sin.

30
Q

Mala’ika

principal belief

A

Belief in Angels. Each person has two angels to record good and bad deeds for the day of judgment.
Jibril- dictated Qur’an to Muhammad
Mika’il- instructed M with Jibril
Izrafil- sounds the trumpet on day of resurrection

31
Q

Jinn

A

Creatures of darkness, angels of Iblis.

32
Q

Iblis/Shaytan

A

Satan

33
Q

Jahannam

A

Hell, resting place of the wicked.

34
Q

Rusula

principal belief

A

Belief in prophets who provided books: Adams, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad.

35
Q

Nabi

A

Prophets who are recognized as messengers of god- Isaiah, Ezekiel.

36
Q

Rusul

A

A prophet who has delivered a holy book

37
Q

Kutubu’llah

principal belief

A

The books of Allah- the qur’an, sunna/hadith, books of the prophets.

38
Q

Akhira

principal belief

A

Afterlife, the good and bad deeds of people will be judged and they will either be sent to paradise or Jahannam.

39
Q

Al-Qadr

principal belief

A

Fate and predestination. Allah is all-knowing, has a ‘destiny’ for everyone, in doing allahs will a person can discover their destiny and then choose to follow or reject it (shirk).

40
Q

Arkan al’Islam

A

5 pillars of faith

41
Q
  1. Shahada

pof

A

Declaration of faith and most important of 5 pillars.

There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger.

42
Q
  1. Salat

pof

A

Obligatory 5 daily prayers (3 for Shi’a) for ever Muslim. Helps them avoid too much attachment to non-essential things.

43
Q

Qibla

A

Direction of the Ka’ba at Makka Muslims face during Salat.

44
Q

Rak’a

A

Where Muslims recite prayers while standing, bowing, prostrating and sitting during the salat.

45
Q
  1. Zakat

pof

A

Compulsary tax, Muslims par 2.5% of their earnings to the needy (poor, sick, widowed, orphaned) once a year to gain Allahs favour.

46
Q
  1. Sawm

pof

A

Fasting. During the month of Ramadam muslims fast during daylight hours unless sick or unable, before dawn until sunset. (9th month when M received his first revelation)

47
Q
  1. Hajj
A

Annual pilgrimage to Mecca in the month of Dhu’l-Hijjah, at least once in lifetime, includes ritual practises i.e. Twaf (circling Ka’ba 7 times)

48
Q

Ka’ba

A

Cube shaped religious shrine in Mecca that contained the tribal gods before Islam.

49
Q

Jihad

A

‘To struggle or strive’ in the way of Allah. All muslims required to wage a spiritual Jihad- the struggle against evil.

Islam Prelim (7 decks)

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