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Dermatology > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 major route for medications?

A

Topical
Transdermal
Subcutaneous

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2
Q

What does the stratum corneum consist of?

A

Corneocytes and intracellular lipids

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3
Q

What is the structure of the stratum corneum like?

A

Bricks (corneocytes) and cement (intracellular lipids)

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4
Q

What substances does the stratum corneum allow to pass through it?

A

Small, hydrophobic

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5
Q

What does Fick’s Law calculate and what is the equation?

A

Rate of absorption

J = Kp Cv

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6
Q

In Fick’s Law what do these letter stand for ?
K
C
J

A 
K = permeability coefficient 
C = concentration of the drug vehicle 
J = flux
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7
Q

What can improve partitioning?

A

Hydration of the skin

Inclusion of exipitents

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8
Q

What are the 4 categories of topical steroids?

A

Mild
Moderate
Potent
Very potent

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9
Q

What potency category is 1% Hyrdrocortisone acetate?

A

Mild

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10
Q

What two vessels do drugs given subcutaneously reach by diffusion?

A

Capilleries

Lymphatics

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11
Q

Disadvantage of giving drugs subcutaneously?

A

Injection volume limited

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12
Q

Advantages of giving drugs subcutaneously?

A 
Absorption slow 
Route for many protein drugs e.g. insulin 
Route for oil bases drugs e.g. steroids
Can give slow release over time 
simple
painless
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13
Q

How are transdermal drugs applied?

A

Through adhesive patch placed on epidermis. Occurs through diffusion

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14
Q

What factor make certain drugs most suitable for transdermal appliance?

A

Low molecular weight
moderately lipophilic
potent
relatively short half life

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15
Q

Advantages of transdermal appliance?

A 
Steady rate of drug delivery 
Decrease dosing frequency 
Avoidance of first pass metabolism 
Rapid termination 
User friendly 
Convenient and painless
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16
Q

Disadvantages of transdermal appliance?

A

Relatively few drugs suitable
Allergy
Cost

17
Q

What drugs are given transdermally?

A

Nicotine
GTN
Fentanyl
Estradiol

18
Q

What are the advantages of using topical treatments?

A

Direct application of to area of treatment

reduce systemic effects

19
Q

What are the disadvantages of using topical treatments?

A

Time consuming
Correct dosage can be difficult
Messy to use

20
Q

Oinments have bigger risk of infection than creams, why?

A

Creams have added preservatives and ointments do not

21
Q

What topical treatments for good for the scalp?

A

Lotions

22
Q

What might pastes be used for?

A

Soothing/Cooling bandages for eczema that itches at night

Leaking from stoma or ulcer that is damaging the skin around it

23
Q

What are the 3 main modes of action of topical steroids?

A

Vasoconstrictive
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-proliferative

24
Q

How much is a finer tip unit?

A

1/2 g

25
Q

Side effects of topical steroids?

A 
Thinning of skin (leads to stretch marks)
Purpura 
Immunosuppression 
Steroid rosacea 
Fixed telangectasia 
Perioral dermatitis 
Tachyphylaxis (decrease response to effects) 
Rebound flare of disease
26
Q

What topical antibiotics are used to treat acne?

A

Clindamycin
Erythromycin
Tetracycline

27
Q

What topical antibiotics used to treat rosacea?

A

Metronidazole

28
Q

What topical antibiotic used to treat impetigo?

A

Staph –> Flucoxacillin

Strep –> Penecillin V

29
Q

What topical antibiotics used to treat infected eczema?

A

Combined corticosteroids/antibacteria

30
Q

What are keratolytics and what are they used to treat?

A

used to soften keratin e.g. salicylic acid 10-40%

Viral wars
Hyperkeratotic eczema, psoriasis
Corns and calluses
Thick plaques on scalp

31
Q

How to treat warts?

A

Mechanic paring and…

Keratolytics 
Fromaldehyde
Glutaraldehyde
Silver nitrate 
Cryotherapy  (liquid nitrogen) 
Podophyllin (genital warts)
32
Q

What are the topical psoriasis treatments?

A

Emollients e.g.

Coal tar
Vitamin D analogue 
Kerolytics 
Topical steroids 
Dithranol
33
Q

Bad side effect of Dithranol?

A

Can only be put on affected part of skin, if put on surrounding normal skin acts as an irritant and scars

34
Q

Side effect of Vitamin D analogues?

A

Can be an irritant

Dermatology (10 decks)

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