49: Ventilation Flashcards

(35 cards)

1
Q

P(a)

A

arterial partial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

P(A)

A

alveolar partial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

V(T)

A

tidal volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

V(D)

A

dead space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

F(A)

A

fractional concentration alveolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

F(E)

A

fractional concentration expired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Henry’s Law

A

V(gas) = P(gas) x solubility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Water vapor

A

Dry air is water saturated as it moves down respiratory trees to allow for proper gas exchange at alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Minute Ventilation

A

volume of air moved out of the lungs per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Minute Ventilation Equation

A

V(E) = V(T) x f

V(T): ~500mL

V(E) = (0.5 L) x (12 breaths/min) –> 6L/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anatomic dead space

A

trachea, bronchioles, respiratory tree

don’t contribute to gas exchange

150mL used up in dead space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the best way to breath?

A

Less breaths, deeper breaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Alveolar Minute ventilation

A

the amount of ventilation that makes it to gas exchange site

V =(VTx f)–(VDx f)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Functional Residual Capacity

A

lung not empty when inspire

FRC full of stale air

ventilation of fresh air must be enough to dilute stale air to create gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Measuring Anatomic Dead Space

A

Inspire pure O2 and expire out

Measure until no longer pure O2 and Nitrogen is present

Usually 150mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Measure Alveolar Ventilation

A

Atmospheric CO2
is zero – all expired CO2 must come from a functional
alveolar unit

alveoli must be well perfused

17
Q

Physiological Dead Space

A

Anatomical Dead Space + Not well perfused alveolar (dead space)

18
Q

Bohr Method

A

Blood drawn to determine alveolar CO2 from arterial CO2 since they are the same

AND

Measure expired CO2

20-30% of tidal breath wasted on dead space

19
Q

V(D) / V(T)

A

((P(a)CO2 - P(E)CO2)) / P(a)CO2

20
Q

Constant Ventilation

A

allows maintenance of steady state (gas) b/n alveoli and capillary

PO2 = 100 mm Hg
PCO2 = 40 mm Hg
21
Q

Increased alveolar ventilation

A

Decrease PCO2

blow out more CO2

increase PO2

22
Q

Alveolar Gas Equation

** IMPORTANT

A

calculate global alveolar partial pressure of oxygen

P(Alveolus)O2 = P(Inspire)O2 - (P(Alveolus)CO2 / R))

23
Q

What happens to arterial pH during increased ventilation?

A

pH increases b/c less CO2 in blood

24
Q

Ventilation during exercise

A

normal metabolic changes:

Hyperpnea

increased ventilation
and cardiac output

arterial gas partial
pressures remain stable, venous CO2 rises

25
Hyper/Hypo Ventilation changes
pathological changes: pH increases PCO2 decreases Alveolar PO2 increases
26
Lung Complaince
upper part: low compliance lower part: high compliance
27
Hypoventilation
decreased alveolar ventilation with increased PaCO2
28
Hyperventilation
increased alveolar ventilation with decreased PaCO2
29
Hypercapnia
increased carbon dioxide in blood
30
Eupnea
well breath
31
Hypopnea
decreased ventilation in response to lowered metabolic CO2 | production
32
Hyperpnea
``` increased ventilation in response to increased metabolic CO2 production (e.g. exercise) – increased ventilation should purge CO2 ```
33
Tachypnea
(‘swift’ breath) increased frequency of breathing. | Ventilation may or may not change depending on tidal volume
34
Dyspnea
(‘ill’ breath) shortness of breath / labored breathing
35
Apnea
temporary cessation of breathing