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Psych 1012 > test 2 chapter 14 crowd behaviour/attraction & love > Flashcards

test 2 chapter 14 crowd behaviour/attraction & love Flashcards

1
Q

what is an attribution?

A

judgements about causes of our own and other people’s behaviour and outcomes (explaining the causes of behaviour)

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2
Q

what is a situational (external) attribution?

A

aspects of situations causing behaviour

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3
Q

what is a personal (internal) attribution?

A

a person’s behaviour caused by their characteristics

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4
Q

what is a fundamental attribution error?

A

tendency for people to place an emphasis on internal characteristics for behaviour rather than situational

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5
Q

what is a self serving bias?

A

making more internal attributions for your successes and more situational attributions for failures

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6
Q

what is a self fulfilling prophecy?

A

expectations affect behaviour toward others, causing expected behaviours that confirm expectations

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7
Q

in terms of attributional biases in culture, what is individualistic cultures?

A

more personal attributions, more likely to engage in self serving bias

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8
Q

what is collectivist cultures?

A

more complex, holistic views of behavioural causes, less likely to engage in self serving bias - east asians

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9
Q

what are attitudes?

A

positive or negative evaluative reactions toward a stimulus - supported by personal beliefs and values

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10
Q

when do attitudes have a greater influence?

A

attitudes have greater influence when they are consistent with subjective norms

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11
Q

what are subjective norms?

A

the perception of what you think other people expect you to do

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12
Q

what is norm of reciprocity?

A

expectation that when others treat us well, we should respond in kind

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13
Q

what is door in the face technique?

A

persuader makes large request, expectation of refusal, persuader makes smaller request

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14
Q

what is the foot in the door technique?

A

persuader obtains compliance with a small request, later presents larger request

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15
Q

what is low balling?

A

persuader gets person to commit to some action, before action is performed persuader increases cost of action

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16
Q

festinger (1957) proposed that….

A

people are motivated to maintain consistency in their attitudes and behaviours

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17
Q

what is dissonant arousal?

A

when people are inconsistent -unpleasant physiological arousal, subjective feeling of psychological discomfort

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18
Q

what are the 2 main dissonance reduction strategies?

A

1) change their attitudes to be more consistent with their behaviour
2) minimize the importance of the discrepant cognition (trivialization)

19
Q

what are social roles?

A

consistent set of norms that characterize how people in a social position ought to behave

20
Q

norms and roles can cause

A

uncharacteristic behaviour

21
Q

what is conformity?

A

adjustment of behaviour/attitude to a group standard

22
Q

what is informational social influence of conformity?

A

conformity because we believe others have accurate knowledge and are right

23
Q

what is normative social influence of conformity?

A

conforming to obtain rewards, avoid rejection

24
Q

the presence of someone who disagrees with a group…

A

reduces conformity

25
Q

gendered door signs are an example of..

A

conformity

26
Q

the holocaust was an example of

A

obedience to authority

27
Q

what is deindividuation?

A

the loss of individuality that leads to disinhibited (lack of restraint, disregard for social conventions)

28
Q

why is anonymity a key factor in deindividuation?

A

people are more likely to partake in potentially socially unacceptable behaviours if they are anonymous

29
Q

what is social loafing?

A

when efforts are pooled, individuals often slack off ex: rope pulling task - adding more people = less individual pulling

30
Q

when is social loafing most likely?

A

when individuals don’t think they are being watched, the task is not important, the group is not valued, the task is simple, and individual is tired or all participants are male

31
Q

what are three features that promote the development of relationships?

A

proximity (repeated exposure to a simulus), repeated unplanned interation, a setting that encourages confiding in one another

32
Q

similarity often leads to _____ _____?

A

interpersonal attraction

33
Q

what is the matching effect?

A

people tend to end up in relationships with people of similar attractiveness, most people prefer physically attractive partners

34
Q

what are the top 3 ideal mate preferences for men and women?

A

mutual attraction, dependability, emotional stability

35
Q

what does the triangular theory of love consist of?

A

liking (intimacy alone), romantic love (intimacy and passion),

companionate love (intimacy and commitment),

empty love (commitment alone),

fatuous love (passion and commitment)

Infatuation (passion alone)

36
Q

what is kin selection?

A

a theory of altruism; evolutionary favoring of genes that causes individuals to help their relatives

37
Q

what is reciprocal altruism?

A

a theory of altruism; helping others and hoping they will help is back in the future

38
Q

what is social exchange theory?

A

helping when the benefits to ourselves is greater than the costs

39
Q

what is empathy altruism hypothesis?

A

people help others only when feeling empathetic toward them

40
Q

what is prejudice?

A

a negative attitude toward people based on their membership in a group (prejudging people)

41
Q

what is discrimination?

A

treating people unfairly because they belong to a specific group

42
Q

what is a stereotype?

A

a widely held , over simplified idea of a particular type of person

43
Q

what is realistic conflict theory?

A

a root of prejudice; competition for resources fosters prejudice - cooperation toward goal = less prejudice

44
Q

what is social identity theory?

A

a root of prejudice; prejudice emerges as a need to improve our own self esteem

Psych 1012 (9 decks)

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