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GI > Cardio - Drugs > Flashcards

Cardio - Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Diuretics -Types and Action

A

Block Na reabsorption in kidneys

Thiazide Diuretics (e.g. Bendrofluazide)

Loop Diuretics (e.g. Furosemide)

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2
Q

Diuretics - Uses

A

Thiazides = Hypertension

Loop Diuretics = Heart Failure

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3
Q

Diuretics - Side Effects

A

Hypokalaemia = Tiredness and Arrhythmias

Hyperglycaemia = Diabetes

Increased Uric Acid = Gout

Impotence

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4
Q

Beta-Blockers - Types and Action

A

Cardio selective (e.g. Atenolol) - Block b1 adrenoceptors

Non selective (e.g. Propranolol) - Block b1 and b2 adrenoceptors

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5
Q

Beta-Blockers - Uses

A

Cardio selective = Angina, Hypertension and Heart Failure (NOT acutely)

Non selective = Thyrotoxicosis

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6
Q

Beta-Blockers - Side Effects and Contraindications

A

Tiredness
Cold Peripheries

Asthma
Acute Heart Failure

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7
Q

Calcium Antagonists - Types

A

Dihydropyridines (e.g. Amlodipine)

Rate Limiting (e.g. Verapamil, Diltiazem)

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8
Q

Calcium Antagonists - Uses

A

Hypertension and Angina

Rate Limiting also used for Supraventricular Arrhythmias

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9
Q

Calcium Antagonists - Side Effects and Contraindications

A

Ankle Oedema

Beta-Blockers

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10
Q

Alpha Blockers - Action

A

Block a-adrenoceptors to cause vasodilation

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11
Q

Alpha Blockers - Uses

A

Hypertension and prostatic hypertrophy

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12
Q

Alpha Blockers - Side Effects

A

Postural Hypotension

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13
Q

ACE Inhibitors - Action and Example

A

Block Angiotensin I becoming Angiotensin II

Lisinopril

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14
Q

ACE Inhibitors - Uses

A

Hypertension, Heart Failure and Diabetic Nephropathy

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15
Q

ACE Inhibitors - Side Effects and Contraindications

A

Dry Cough
Renal Dysfunction Angioneurotic Oedema

Pregnancy
Renal Artery Stenosis

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16
Q

ARBs - Action and Example

A

Block Angiotensin II Receptors

Losartan

17
Q

ARBs - Uses

A

Hypertension, Heart Failure and Diabetic Nephropathy

Patients who get dry cough with ACE Inhibitors

18
Q

ARBs - Side Effects and Contraindications

A

Renal Dysfunction

Pregnancy
Renal Artery Stenosis

19
Q

Nitrates - Action and Example

A

Venodilators

Isosorbide Mononitrate

20
Q

Nitrates - Uses

A

Angina

Acute Heart Failure

21
Q

Nitrates - Side Effects

A

Headache
Hypotension/collapse

Tolerance - nitrate free period overnight

22
Q

Antiplatelets - Action and Examples

A

Attack platelets, preventing new thrombosis

Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Ticagrelor, Prasugrel

23
Q

Antiplatelets - Uses

A

Angina
Acute MI
CVA/TIA
Patients at high risk of MI and CVA

24
Q

Antiplatelets - Side Effects and Contraindications

A

Haemorrhage

Peptic Ulcer
Asthma (Aspirin sensitivity)

25
Q

Anticoagulants - Types and Action

A

Heparin - IV only

Warfarin - Oral only. Blocks clotting factors 2, 7, 9 & 10

Rivaroxaban - Factor Xa inhibitor

Dabigatran - Thrombin factor IIa inhibitor

26
Q

Warfarin - Uses

A

DVT
PE
NSTEMI
AF

27
Q

Warfarin - Side Effects

A

Haemorrhage
Control dose carefully by INR
Can be reversed by Vit K if overdosed

28
Q

Fibrinolytic Drugs - Action and Example

A

Dissolve formed clot

Streptokinase

29
Q

Fibrinolytic Drugs - Uses

A

STEMI
Selected cases of PE
Selected cases of CVA

30
Q

Fibrinolytic Drugs - Side Effects and Contraindications

A

Haemorrhage

Recent haemorrhage 
Trauma
Bleeding tendencies 
Severe diabetic nephropathy 
Peptic ulcer
31
Q

Anticholesterol Drugs - Types and Action

A

Statins (e.g. Simvastatin)
Blocks HMG CoA reductase

Fibrates (e.g. Bezafibrate)

32
Q

Anticholesterol Drugs - Uses

A

Statins - Hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, angina, MI, CVA, TIA, high risk of MI or CVA

Fibrates - Hypertriglyceridaemia, low HDL cholesterol

33
Q

Statins - Side Effects

A

Myopathy

Rhabdomyolysis renal failure

34
Q

Supraventricular Arrhythmias - Acute Treatment

A

Adenosine

35
Q

Ventricular/Supraventricular Arrhythmias - Drugs

A

Amiodarone
Beta Blockers
Flecanide

36
Q

Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs - Side Effects

A

Photo toxicity
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Thyroid Abnormalities (Hypo or Hyper)

37
Q

Digoxin - Therapeutic Effect

A

Blocks AV conduction

Good in Atrial Fibrillation

38
Q

Digoxin - Adverse Effects

A

Increases ventricular irritability = ventricular Arrhythmias

Toxicity = Nausea, vomiting, yellow vision, bradycardia, heart block, ventricular arrhythmias

39
Q

Acute Heart Attack Treatment

A

M - Morphine + Anti emetic

O - Oxygen

N - Nitrates (GTN

A - Aspirin

C - Clopidogrel

GI (24 decks)

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