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Cardiovascular System > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Immature cells that have the capacity to develop into several different types of cells

A

Pluripotent stem cells

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2
Q

Differentiate into progenitor and precursor cells

A

Myeloid stem cells

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3
Q

Give rise to lymphocytes

A

Lymphoid stem cells

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4
Q

No longer capable of reproducing themselves; give rise to RBC, platelets, monocytes, BEN; CFU

A

Progenitor cells

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5
Q

Develop into actual formed elements of blood

A

Precursor cells

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6
Q

Special cells responsible in the constant replacement of mature blood cells

A

Reticuloendothelial cells

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7
Q

Responsible in clearing away dead cell bodies so vessels are not clogged

A

Reticuloendothelial cells

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8
Q

stimulates RBC production

A

Erythropoietin

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9
Q

Stimulates WBC formation; CSF

A

Cytokines

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10
Q

Produced by the liver; stimulates platelet formation from megakaryocytes

A

Thromopoietin

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11
Q

Made up of 4 protien chains and an iron containing heme group

A

Hemoglobin

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12
Q

Enzyme for transformation of CO2 to HCO3

A

Carbonic anhydrase

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13
Q

Gaseous product produced by the endothelial cells that line the blood vessels that promote vasodilation

A

Nitrous oxide

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14
Q

Process by which erythrocytes are formed

A

Erythropoiesis

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15
Q

Percentage total blood volume occupied by RBC

A

Hematocrit

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16
Q

High hematocrit

A

Polycythemia

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17
Q

Low hematocrit, low Hgb, reduced oxygen carrying capacity

A

Anemia

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18
Q

Anemia caused by inadequate absorption or excessive loss of iron

A

Iron-Deficiency Anemia

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19
Q

Anemia caused by inability of stomach to produce intrinsic factor needed for cyanocobalamin absorption in the small intestine

A

Pernicious anemia

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20
Q

Anemia caused by excessive loss of RBC thru bleeding

A

Hemorrhagic anemia

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21
Q

Anemia caused by premature rupture of RBCs; inherent defects

A

Hemolytic Anemia

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22
Q

Other name for hemolytic disease of the newborn

A

Erythroblastosis fetalis

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23
Q

Anemia caused by a group of hereditary hemolytic anemias associated with deficient Hgb synthesis

A

Thalassemias

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24
Q

Treatment for thalassemias

A

Blood transfusion

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25
Q

Anemia caused by destruction of red bone marrow

A

Aplastic anemia

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26
Q

Treatment for aplastic anemia

A

Bone marrow transplant

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27
Q

Anemia caused by abnormal Hgb present in rbc; can be inherited

A

Sickle-cell anemia

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28
Q

Sign of children for SCA

A

Hand-foot syndrome

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29
Q

Symptom for adult for SCA

A

Pain in limbs and back

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30
Q

Piling up of too many RBCs trying to enter smaller blood vessels

A

Thrombosis

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31
Q

Widespread hyperemia

A

Hemorrhage

32
Q

How to WBCs defend against disease

A

Emigration and Chemotaxis

33
Q

Adhesion molecules of WBC’s

A

Integrins and Selectins

34
Q

Attraction of phagocytes by chemicals release by microbes and inflamed tissues

A

Chemotaxis

35
Q

What are the 3 types of granulocytes

A

BEN

36
Q

Types of agranulocytes

A

Lympho and monocytes

37
Q

Bacterial infection; pale lilac (stain); 2-5 lobes

A

Neutrophils

38
Q

For viral infections; Red orange stain; 2-3 lobes

A

Eosinophil

39
Q

For allergic reactions; Dark blue stain, 2 lobes

A

Basophil

40
Q

For viral or immunodeficiency diseases

A

Lymphocytes

41
Q

3 types of lymphocytes

A

NK, B and T cells

42
Q

Differentiate to macrophage; horseshoe nuclues

A

Monocytes

43
Q

Increase in number of WBC

A

Leukocytosis

44
Q

Abnormally low level or WBC

A

Leukopenia

45
Q

Abnormal increase in WBC

A

Leukemia

46
Q

Type of leukemia that is caused by uncontrolled production and accumulation of IMMATURE LEUKOCYTES

A

Acute

47
Q

Type of leukemia described as accumulation of MATURE LEUKOCYTES because they do not die at the end of their normal life span

A

Chronic

48
Q

Contagious disease affecting lymphatic tissues and blood

A

Infectious Mononucleosis

49
Q

Virus causing IM

A

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

50
Q

Characterized by enlargement of B lymphocytes and appearing abnormal

A

Mononucleosis

51
Q

Fragments of megakaryocytes

A

Platelets

52
Q

Hormone that transforms megakaryoblasts into megakaryocytes

A

Thromboproeitin

53
Q

Stoppage of bleeding

A

Hemostasis

54
Q

Steps in hemostasis

A

1 vascular spasm
2 platelet plug formation
3 blood clotting/coagulation

55
Q

Characterized by contraction of smooth muscles when arteries or arterioles are damaged to reduce blood loss for several minutes-hrs

A

Vascular spasm

56
Q

Steps in platelet formation

A

Adhesion, Release reaction, Aggregation

57
Q

End product of coagulation

A

Fibrin threads

58
Q

Required for the synthesis of 4 clotting factors (X, IX, VII, II)

A

Vitamin K

59
Q

Dissolves small, inappropriate clots by activation of plasmin

A

Fibrinolysis

60
Q

Dissolves the clot by digesting fibrin threads and inactivating CF I II V VIII XII

A

Plasmin

61
Q

A prostaglandin produced by the endothelial cells and wbcs that opposes the action fo TXA2

A

Prostacyclin

62
Q

Blocks CF 9 10 11 12; cofactor of hepatin

A

antithrombin

63
Q

Produced by mast cells and basophil; combines with antithrombin to inc effectiveness

A

Heparin

64
Q

Inactivates V and VIII

A

Activated protein C

65
Q

Acts as antagonist to vit K; blocks 1972

A

Warfarin (Coumadin)

66
Q

Inhibits vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation; reduces thrombus formation

A

Aspirin

67
Q

First thrombolytic agent discovered; dissolves clots in the coronary arteries of heart

A

Streptokinase

68
Q

Deficiency or absence of a blood clotting factor

A

Hemophilia

69
Q

Most common clotting disorder; deficient in CFVIII; result to excessive bleeding

A

Von Willebrand’s Disease

70
Q

Cancerous disorder of plasma cells

A

Multiple Myeloma

71
Q

Dislodged and transported thrombus to other parts of the body

A

Embloism

72
Q

Clotting in an unbroken blood vessel

A

Thrombosis

73
Q

Diseases in which mother produced an antibody against her babies blood because of Rh factor

A

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

74
Q

Treatment for HDOTN

A

Anti-Rh gammaglobulin or RhoGAM

75
Q

Development of formed elements; occurs only in red bone marrow

A

Hematopoiesis

Cardiovascular System (3 decks)

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