Practical Class 6: Foot

Question 1

What movements are possible at the ankle joint?

Answer 1

Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion
Inversion
Eversion

Question 2

What movements are possible at the subtalar joint?

Answer 2

Inversion

Eversion

Question 3

Give an account of the factors that provide passive support to the arches of foot.

Answer 3

• Planter aponeurosis and plantar ligaments most important for long arch
• Transverse arch by shape of bones

Question 4

Give an account of the factors that provide dynamic support to the arches of the foot.

Answer 4

• Small intrinsic muscle braces long arch, supported by flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitoris longus
• Transverse arch by fibularis longus and tibialis posterior

Question 5

What is pes planus?

Answer 5

Flat foot - can be flexible or rigid (tarsal fusion).
Flexible more common - arch present when weight-bearing.
Usually caused by loose/degenerating ligaments.

Question 6

What is the origin and insertion of extensor digitorum brevis?

Answer 6

Origin - Superficial surface of calcaneus

Insertion - Lateral sides of tensons of extensor digitorum longus

Question 7

What is the action of extensor digitorum brevis?

Answer 7

Extension of toes II-IV

Question 8

What is the origin and insertion of extensor hallucis brevis?

Answer 8

Origin - Superolateral surface of calcaneus

Insertion - Base of proximal phalanx of great toe

Question 9

What is the action of extensor hallucis brevis?

Answer 9

Extension of metatarsophalageal joint of great toe

Question 10

What are the proximal and distal attachments of flexor digitorum brevis.

Answer 10

Proximal - Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity and plantar aponeurosis.

Distal - Sides of plantar surface of middle of middle phalages

Question 11

What is the action of flexor digitorum brevis?

Answer 11

Flexes lateral 4 toes at proximal interphalangeal joint.

Question 12

What are the proximal and distal attachments of abductor hallucis?

Answer 12

Proximal - Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity

Distal - Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe

Question 13

What is the action of abductor hallucis?

Answer 13

Abducts and flexes great toe at metatarsophalageal joint.

Question 14

What are the proximal and distal attachments of abductor digiti minimi?

Answer 14

Proximal - Lateral and medial processes of calcaneal tuberosity and band of connective tissue connecting calcaneus with base of 5th matatarsal.

Distal - Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe

Question 15

What is the action of abductor digiti minimi?

Answer 15

Abducts little toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint.

Question 16

What is the function of the plantar aponeurosis?

Answer 16

Supports the longitudinal arch of the foot.

Question 17

What are the proximal and distal attachments of quadratus plantae?

Answer 17

Proximal - medial concave surface of calcaneus and lateral border of the inferior surface of the calcaneus.

Distal - lateral margin and upper and under surfaces of the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus

Question 18

What is the action of quadratus plantae?

Answer 18

It acts to aid in flexing the 2nd to 5th toes

Question 19

Give an account of the blood supply to the sole of the foot including the formation of the deep plantar arch.

Answer 19

Supplied by medial and lateral plantar arteries from bifurcation of posterior tibial artery.
Deep plantar arch is an anastamosis of deep plantar branch of dorsalis pedis artery with lateral plantar artery.