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BIOL 240 (Full) > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q 
What is the largest nerve in the body?
A. Gastrocnemius
B. Radial
C. Sciatic
D. Femoral
A

C. Sciatic

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2
Q

The Superior Radio-Ulnar Joint is a _______ Joint

A

Pivot

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3
Q

The Humero-Ulnar Joint is a _______ Joint

A

Hinge

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4
Q

The Humero-Radial Joint is a _______ Joint

A

Ball & Socket (Modified Ball & Socket)

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5
Q

The antagonist of the Bicep is the ______

A

Tricep

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6
Q 
In anatomical position, the Radius is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the Ulna.
A. Inferior
B. Superior
C. Medial
D. Lateral
A

D. Lateral

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7
Q 
In anatomical position the hands are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. Supinated
B. Pronated
C. Rotated
D. Circumducted
A

A. Supinated

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8
Q 
Which structure is NOT part of the arm?
A. Humerus
B. Biceps
C. Triceps
D. Radius
A

D. Radius

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9
Q

How many heads does the Bicep have?

A

Two Heads (Long Head/Short Head)

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10
Q 
Which is not a wrist bone?
A. Capitate
B. Triquetral
C. Metacarpal
D. Pisiform
A

C. Metacarpal

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11
Q

Which bone of the foot is most medial?
A. Talus
B. Cuboid
C. Calcaneus

A

A. Talus

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12
Q

T/F: Arteries carry blood towards the heart

A

False

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13
Q 
The Tibia is \_\_\_\_\_\_ to the Fibula
A. Inferior
B. Anterior
C. Superficial
D. Medial
A

D. Medial

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14
Q 
The origin of the Flexor Hallucis Longus is:
A. Hallux
B. Posterior Fibula
C. Posterior Tibia
D. Talus
A

B. Posterior Fibula

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15
Q 
The insertion of the TIbialis Posterior is:
A. Hallux
B. 2nd Cuneiform
C. Navicular
D. Medial Tarsals
A

D. Medial Tarsals

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16
Q 
The origin of the Tibialis Anterior is the:
A. Medial Tibia
B. Lateral Tibia
C. 1st Metatarsal
D. 5th Metatarsal
A

B. Lateral Tibia

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17
Q 
What type of bone is the Patella?
A. Short
B. Long
C. Sesamoid
D. Endochondral
A

C. Sesamoid

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18
Q 
Which group of vertebrae does the Atlas belong to?
A. Thoracic
B. Cervical
C. Sacral
D. Lumbar
A

B. Cervical

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19
Q

T/F: All Cervical vertebrae have a foramen in the transverse process

A

True

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20
Q

The function of the Dens (C2) is to what?
A. Help with posture
B. Act as a pivot for the skull (side to side)
C. Allow you to breathe
D. Attach the spinal cord to the brain

A

B. Act as a pivot for the skull (side to side)

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21
Q 
Which group of vertebrae allow for rotation of the trunk?
A. Lumbar
B. Thoracic
C. Cervical
D.Sacral
A

B. Thoracic

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22
Q 
Which group of vertebrae account for mos of the flexion and extension of the spine?
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Coccygeal
A

C. Lumbar

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23
Q

What are the rotator-cuff muscles?

A

Subscapularis, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Supraspinatus

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24
Q

What is the name of the bone feature inferior to the greater and lesser trochanters

A

Surgical neck

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25
Q

What are the two articulations of the elbow?

A

Trochlear notch of ulna and trochlea of humerus; head of radius and capitulum of humerus

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26
Q

What is the name of the carpal that articulates with the thumb?

A

Trapezium

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27
Q

How many Thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

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28
Q

If blood was reaching your femur but could not reach the lower leg, where would you suspect the blockage to be?

A

Poplietal Artery

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29
Q

Blood from the axillary vein reaches the vena cava by route of which vein?

A

Subclavian vein

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30
Q

What is the name of the fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction in the knee joint?

A

Bursae

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31
Q

Which muscle group is responsible for eversion of the foot?

A

Fibularis

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32
Q

What is the name of the large, most superficial, 2-headed superficial flexor of the leg?

A

Gastrocnemius

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33
Q

Which muscle is responsible for adducting the small toes?

A

Dorsal interossei

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34
Q

What is the anatomical term for your heel bone?

A

Calcaneus

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35
Q

The tibial nerve splits into which two branches?

A

Medial and lateral planter nerves

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36
Q

The small medial nerve of the brachial plexus is the ____________ nerve.

A

Radial

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37
Q

Which is the largest adductor muscle (Lower Limb)

A

Adductor magnus

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38
Q

What is special about the function of the adductor magnus?

A

It’s action is segmented.

Superior=Flex, Inferior= Extend, Entire muscle=Adduct

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39
Q

T/F: All of the muscles in the adductor group of the thigh (Excluding the Gracialis) have their origin on the Anterior Pubis.

A

True

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40
Q

What is the insertion of the Vastus Muscles? (Lateralis, Intermedius, Medius)

A

The Tibial Tuberosity

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41
Q

T/F: The action of the Rectus Femoris is to flex the leg

A

False

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42
Q

The semimembraneous is described as ____ and _____; while the semitendonosous is described as _____ and _____.

A

Deep, Flat; Superficial, Narrow

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43
Q

A muscle that crosses the hip anteriorly will most likely perform what action?

A

Flexion (at the hip)

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44
Q

A muscle that crosses from the Pelvic Girdle to the femur MEDIALLY will most like perform what action?

A

Adduction (Thigh & Hip)

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45
Q

A muscle that crosses the knee joint posteriorly will most likely perform what action?

A

Flexion (Knee and Hip)

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46
Q

Pointing the foot down performs what action?

A

Plantarflexion

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47
Q

Pointing the foot up performs what action?

A

Dorsiflexion

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48
Q

Turning the sole of the foot medially performs what action?

A

Inversion

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49
Q

Turning the sole of the foot Laterally performs what action?

A

Eversion

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50
Q

The branching at the end of the aorta separates the _____.

A

Right and Left common iliac artery

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51
Q

The common iliac artery splits into_____.

A

Internal and external iliac arteries

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52
Q

The external iliac artery turns into _____.

A

The Femoral Artery

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53
Q

T/F: The veins follow a similar path of the arteries and are named similarly as well

A

True

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54
Q

T/F: The toes are numbered 1-5 beginning from the “Pinky toe”

A

False (Begins at Hallux or Big Toe)

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55
Q

The ________ of the femur articulates with the ___________ of the os coxae

A

Head, acetabulum

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56
Q

T/F: The greater trochanter lies anterior to the lesser trochanter of the femur

A

True

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57
Q

The largest tarsal of the foot is the ______.

Also attachment for the Achilles Tendon

A

Calcaneous

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58
Q

The lateral malleolus is on the ______.

A

Fibula

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59
Q

The medial malleolus is on the

A

Tibia

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60
Q

T/F: The fibula articulates with the femur

A

False, only the tibia articulates with the femur

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61
Q

In the inferior radioulnar joint, the ______ crosses over the ______.

A

Radius, Ulna

62
Q

The scapula articulates with the _____ and the _____.

A

Humerus, Clavicle

63
Q

The ____________ of the scapula articulates with the _________ of the Humerus

A

Glenoid Fossa, Head

64
Q

The C2 vertebrae is also called the ______.

A

Axis

65
Q

The C1 vertebrae is also called the ______.

A

Atlas

66
Q

“Tailbone” refers to which vertebral region?

A

Coccyx

67
Q

This region is home to 5 vertebrae that fuse together in adulthood

A

Sacrum

68
Q

Which is the longest nerve in the upper limb?

A

Radial

69
Q

Motor function of the Radial Nerve

A

Extensors on back arm, extensors on forearm, supinator

70
Q

Motor Function of the Ulnar nerve

A

flexor carpi Ulnaris, part flexor Digitorum Profundus

71
Q

Sensory function of the Musculocutaneous Nerve

A

Lateral Forearm

72
Q

Sensory of the Common Fibular Nerve

A

Anterior leg, Dorsal Foot

73
Q

Sensory function for Tibial Nerve

A

Posterior leg, sole of the foot

74
Q

Which nerve is responsible for motor control of the Biceps and Brachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous Nerve

75
Q

Which nerve is responsible for the motor control of the deep flexors of the leg?

A

Tibial Nerve

76
Q

Which Nerve is responsible for motor control of the Superficial flexors of the leg?

A

Tibial Nerve

77
Q

The Fibularis muscles are innervated by what nerve?

A

Common Fibular Nerve

78
Q

What is the origin of the biceps brachii?

A

Coracoid Process/ Top of Glenoid

79
Q

What is the action of the quadratus plantae?

A

Flexes Toes 2-5

80
Q

What is the largest, superficial muscle on the posterior side of the body?

A

Latissimus Dorsi

81
Q

What two nerves originate from the sciatic nerve?

A

Common Fibular and Tibial

82
Q

Which carpal articulates with the 5th metacarpal?

A

Hamate

83
Q

What muscle is the only elbow flexor in the forearm?

A

Brachioradialis

84
Q

What two muscles does the Axillary nerve innervate?

A

Deltoid, Teres Minor

85
Q

What is the origin of the Pectoralis Major?

A

Clavicle, Sternum, Ribs

86
Q

If blood was being supplied to the arm but could not reach the forearm, circulation is being cut off at which artery?

A

Brachial

87
Q

What is the origin of the Deltoid?

A

Clavicle, Spine of Scapula

88
Q

What is the action of the Adductor Policis?

A

Adduct the thumb

89
Q

How many phalanges does the 1st Digit of the hand have?

A

Three (Distal, Middle, Proximal)

90
Q

T/F: The Pisiform is on the side of the Pollex

A

False (Located on the side of the pinky

91
Q

Which two muscles are a part of the Axial Skeleton-> Humerus group?

A

Pectoralis MAJOR, Latissimus Dorsi

92
Q

T/F: The hand is pronated when the Radius and Ulna are parallel

A

False: Pronation requires that the Radius rotates across the Ulna

93
Q

The bony projection on either side of the distal region of the forearm is called the ______.

A

Styloid Process

94
Q

T/F: The head of the Ulna is Distal to the elbow

A

True

95
Q

What is the action of the Popliteus?

A

Medial rotation of the Tibia, unlock knee

96
Q

Origin of the Popliteus

A

Lateral condyle of the Femur

97
Q

What is the action of the lumbricals?

A

Flex the joint at the base of the toes, extend the distal joints

98
Q

How many ventral muscle layers are in the foot?

A

4

99
Q

What is the function of the Arch of the foot?

A

To reduce the amount of energy required for walking

100
Q

What is the action of the Gastrocnemius

A

Plantarflexion of the Foot, flex the knee

101
Q

Which part of the lower limb does the “Leg” refer to?

A

Knee-> Ankle

102
Q

Which part of the upper limb does the “Arm” refer to?

A

Shoulder-> Elbow (Brachium)

103
Q

What is the origin of the Gracialis?

A

Pubis

104
Q

What is the Insertion of the Adductor Magnus

A

Posterior Femur on/near the Linea Aspera

105
Q

What is the insertion of the Sartorious

A

Medial Tibia

106
Q

What is is the Origin of the Soleus

A

Superior Posterior Tibia and Fibula

107
Q

How many sesamoid tendons are in the foot?

A

2

108
Q

Tactile information is categorized as ______ (Sensory/Motor)

A

Sensory

109
Q

What is the Brachial Plexus?

A

Group of nerves that innervate the upper limbs

110
Q

What muscles does the Femoral Nerve innervate?

A

Iliacs/Psoas, Quadriceps Group

111
Q

Where does the Femoral Nerve receive sensory information from?

A

Anterior thigh, Medial leg, Medial Foot

112
Q

The Obturator Nerve receives Sensory information from where?

A

Medial Thigh

113
Q

The thigh adductors are innervated by which nerve?

A

Obturator

114
Q

What is the function of the vertebral column?

A

Support - main axis for the trunk

Protection of spinal cord

115
Q

Five regions of the vertebral column.

A 
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccyx
116
Q

What runs through the vertebral foramen?

A

Spinal cord

117
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

118
Q

What is another name for C1?

A

Atlas

119
Q

What is another name for C2?

A

Axis

120
Q

Which does not belong:

C2, dens, spinous process, superior articular facet, none of the above

A

none of the above

121
Q

True or False: the auricular surface makes a synovial joint with the ilium.

A

True

122
Q

True or False: The apex of the sacrum is more inferior than the base of the sacrum.

A

True (see figure 6.26)

123
Q

What kind of Joint is the Sacral Tuberosity

A

Fibrous

124
Q

A convex curvature of the spine is what type of curvature?

A

Secondary Curvature

125
Q

Where do the spinal nerves enter/exit the Sacrum?

A

Sacral Foramina

126
Q

What is the difference between the Sacral Canal and the Sacral Foramen?

A

The Sacral canal houses the spinal cord and is veritcal. The Sacral Foramen provide a pathway for the spina nerves.

127
Q

T/F: The coccygeal vertebrae decrease in diameter as you move inferiorly

A

True

128
Q

The most medial of the Erector Spinae group is the ______

A

Spinalis

129
Q

T/F: In adulthood, the spine is straight to allow for more support because adults weigh more than humans

A

False (the spine is curved throughout the entirety of the life span)

130
Q

Primary curvature refers to which vertebral region(s)?

A

Thoracic, Sacral

131
Q

Secondary Curvature refers to which vertebral region(s)?

A

Cervical and Lumbar

132
Q

A concave shape of the spine is what type of curvature

A

Primary Curvature

133
Q

A convex curvature of the spine is what type of curvature?

A

Secondary Curvature

134
Q

Capitis

A

term referring to attachment site on the skull

135
Q

cervicis

A

term referring to attachment site on the cervical vertebrae

136
Q

Thoracis

A

term referring to attachment site on the thoracic vertebrae or ribs

137
Q

lumborum

A

term referring to attachment site on the lumbar vertebrae

138
Q

Three muscles that make up the erector spinae group

A

Iliocostalis
Longissmus
Spinalis

139
Q

T/F: Axial skeleton includes the arm and the leg but not the forearm and thigh

A

False: All of those regions are in the Appendicular skeleton

140
Q

Capitis refers to muscle attachments on which area of the skeleton?

A

The Skull

141
Q

The Iliocostalis is ______ to the Longissimus

A

Lateral

142
Q

The most medial of the Erector Spinae group is the ______

A

Spinalis

143
Q

Where is the insertion of the Spinalis?

A

Superior Spinous processes

144
Q

Which muscle runs from the Sacral vertebrae to the base of the skull?

A

Multifidus

145
Q

Where does the semispinalis insert?

A

spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae and base of the skull

146
Q

T/F: contraction of the right side of the erector spinae group produces extension

A

False: both left and right side must contract in order to produce extension

147
Q

What is special about the Nuchal Ligament

A

It is spring like where as other ligaments are stiffer

148
Q

Origin of the splenius

A

cervical vertebrae

149
Q

Runs in the notch of the spinous processes of cervical vertebrae

A

Ligamentum nuchae (nuchal ligament)

150
Q

Origin/Insertion of sternocleidomastoid

A

O - sternum, clavicle
I - mastoid process of skull
(Figure 10.4)

151
Q

Function of sternocleidomastoid

A

Right and Left both: flexes head

Right or Left side only: extend head and rotates to opposite side

BIOL 240 (Full) (3 decks)

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