4C - Haloalkanes definitions

Question 1

Catalyst

Answer 1

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up in the process; a catalyst provides analternative route for the reaction with lower activation energy.

Question 2

Hetrogeneous catalyst

Answer 2

A reaction by which the catalyst has a different physical state from the reactants; frequently reactants are gases whilst the catalyst is solid

Question 3

Heterolytic fission

Answer 3

The breaking of a covalent bond with both of the bonded electrons going to each atom forming a cation and anion

Question 4

Homogeneous catalyst

Answer 4

A reaction in which the catalyst and reactants are in the same physical state, which is most frequently the gasesous or aqueous state.

Question 5

Homolytic fission

Answer 5

The breaking of a covalent bond with one of the bonded electrons going to each atom forming two radicals.

Question 6

Hydrolysis

Answer 6

A reaction with water that breaks a chemical compound into two compounds, the H and OH in a water molecule becomes incoporated into the two compounds.

Question 7

Nucleophile

Answer 7

An atom (or group of atoms) which is attracted to an electron deficient centre or atoms on the carbon atom.

Question 8

Reflux

Answer 8

The continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture back to the original containor to ensure that the reaction takes place without the contents of the flask boiling dry.

Question 9

Substitution reaction

Answer 9

A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom or group of atoms.