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Science > Evolution > Flashcards

Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

Relative Age

A

tells us the order in which events happen

-superposition-

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2
Q

Absolute Age

A

tells us exact age of something

-radioactive decay-

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3
Q

Fossils

A

physical evidence of former life prior to human life

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4
Q

Fossilization Steps

A
  1. ) animal dies
  2. ) decay and burial
  3. ) sediment accumulation and per-mineralization
  4. ) uplift and exposure
  5. ) discovery
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5
Q

Radioactive Decay

A
  • used when determining the absolute age
  • isotope: forms of chemical elements that differ in the number of neutrons in their atomic nuclei
  • radioactive isotopes will break down into a lighter product over time
  • half life: the time it takes for half the product to decay
  • by tracking back the decay of the product we can track the age
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6
Q

Geological Time

A
  • a way to map out history of the earth

- presented in a time scale

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7
Q

Isotope

A

forms of chemical elements that differ in the number of neutrons in their atomic nuclei

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8
Q

Half Life

A

the time it takes for half the product to decay

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9
Q

Super Position

A
  • stratigraphy is the study of layer of rocks
  • rocks are layered like a cake
  • younger rocks = top; older = bottom
  • unconformities are gaps in the layer of rocks
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10
Q

Unconformities

A

gaps in the layer of rocks

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11
Q

Stratigraphy

A

the study of the layer of rocks

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12
Q

Law of Inclusions

A

inclusions are older

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13
Q

Law of Cross-Cutting

A

faults and cross-cuts are younger

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14
Q

How old is the Earth?

A

approximately 4.54 billion years old

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15
Q

What is Carbon-14’s half life?

A

5,700 years

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16
Q

If Iron-38 is 16,000 years old and it’s half life is 4,000 years - how many half lives is the sample?

A

4 half lives

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17
Q

If Gold-265 is 49,000 years old and the sample is is 11 half lives old - what percent of the sample is found?

A

0.048%

18
Q

What are the 3 laws of stratigraphy?

A

Law of Superposition, Cross cutting and Inclusions

19
Q

Permineralization

A

mineral replacement

20
Q

Where and when was Darwin born?

A

Shrewsbury, England in 1809

21
Q

How many siblings did Darwin have?

A

5 siblings

22
Q

Darwin’s Parents

A
  • His parents were well know and respected in the science community
  • Father was a surgeon, mother was a botanist
23
Q

When did Darwin’s mother die?

A

When he was 8 years old

24
Q

What kind of life did Darwin live?

A

Life full of wealth and privileges as a child

25
Q

Where and when did Darwin go to college?

A

The University of Edinburgh, Cambridge at 16

26
Q

Darwin’s two studies were…

A

Originally medical, but changed to natural history

27
Q

What was Darwin’s professional title?

A

Naturalist

28
Q

What was the name of the ship Darwin sailed on?

A

The HMS Beagle

29
Q

Darwin was a ____ man

A

religious

30
Q

How old was Darwin when he took the voyage around the world?

A

22

31
Q

How long was Darwin at sea?

A

5 years from 1831-1836

32
Q

Darwin was ______ the whole time on the voyage

A

sea-sick

33
Q

What did Darwin accomplish at the end of his journey?

A
  • 770 page diary
  • 1750 pages of notes
  • 12 catalogs
  • 5436 skins, bones and carcasses
34
Q

What islands did Darwin visit?

A

Galapagos

35
Q

What type of bird did Darwin find, how were they connected and how many species?

A

14 species of finches connected by beak variations of a common ancestor

36
Q

What book did Darwin publish and when?

A

“The Origin of Species” in 1859 which mapped out his theory of natural selection

37
Q

Evolution

A

any process of growth or development

38
Q

Natural Selection

A

a process in which species adapt to changes in the enviroment

39
Q

Adaptation

A

the change or process of which and organism or species change to better suit it’s enviroment

40
Q

What is the common misconception about adaptation

A

that it only occurs over billions of years

IT DOESN’T

41
Q

Artificial Selection

A

the human forced process of selective breeding or choosing of traits to be passed down to an organism’s offspring

42
Q

Natural v.s. Artificial

A

Artificial is human forced and traits are chosen to be passed down for the bettering of species. Natural happens naturally in the environment and allows species to adapt to changes in their surrounding to up their survival rate.

Science (7 decks)

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