Lecture 16: March 9th

Question 1

What were Darwin’s contributions to biology?

Answer 1

The origin of species
Evolution
Natural selection

Question 2

What was the issue with the origin of species according to William Paley?

Answer 2

Because adaptations on plants and animals are complex, only an intelligent designer could create it. Could not be evolved.

Question 3

What is evolution by acquired characteristics according to Jean-Baptiste Lamarck?

Answer 3

Exercise of a structure enhances its appearance in future generation; absence of use causes it to disappear.

Question 4

What was a problem of Lamarck’s acquired characteristics theory?

Answer 4

lacked mechanism for change (genetic inheritance)

Question 5

___________ shapes characteristics, and those characteristics become enhanced in the next generation.

Answer 5

Environment

Question 6

Human populations can grow ___________.

Answer 6

exponentially

Question 7

There is ________ for exponential population growth in plant and animal communites but ________ population growth is fairly constant

Answer 7

potential, growth

Question 8

Who wrote an essay titled On the Principle of Population?

Answer 8

Thomas Malthus

Question 9

What happens when human populations grow exponentially?

Answer 9

They can outgrow their means of substinence

Question 10

________ exists in behavior and structure

Answer 10

Variation

Question 11

Some variation is behavior and structure is _________.

Answer 11

heritable

Question 12

Describe survival of the fittest.

Answer 12

Certain inherited traits make individuals better able to cope with environmental conditions and compete for limited resources. Individuals that survive pass on those traits.

Question 13

What is speciation?

Answer 13

Changes in an entire population can lead to the formation of new species.