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Dental Hygiene Board Review > Periodontology > Flashcards

Periodontology Flashcards

1
Q

tissues of the periodontium

A

ging, bone, PDL, cementum

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2
Q

functions of the PDL

A

shock absorber, attaches teeth to bone, supplies nutrients to periodontal structures, transmits sensation

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3
Q

collagenous fibers that attach cementum to bone

A

Sharpey’s fibers

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4
Q

principle fiber group- extend inter proximally over alveolar crest; embedded in cementum of 2 adjacent teeth

A

transeptal fibers

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5
Q

principle fiber group- apical to JE, extends obliquely from cementum to alveolar bone

A

alveolar crest fibers

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6
Q

principle fiber group- largest and most significant fiber group, extends from cementum coronally to bone, with stands masticator stress in a vertical direction*

A

oblique fibers

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7
Q

principle fiber group- extend at right angles to long axis of tooth

A

horizontal fibers

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8
Q

principle fiber group- extend from apical aspect of cementum to base of tooth socket

A

apical fibers

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9
Q

principle fiber group- found only in multi-rooted teeth extending from cementum to bone in areas of furcation

A

interradicular fibers

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10
Q

most prominent cells in the PDL, responsible for collagen synthesis and degradation

A

fibroblasts

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11
Q

cells capable of remodeling bone and cementum

A

osteoblasts, osteoclasts, cementoblasts

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12
Q

gingival disease- associated with plaque only, modified by systemic factors, medications, and nutrition

A

dental-plaque induced gingival diseases

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13
Q

gingival disease- viral, fungal or genetic origin, gingival manifestations of systemic conditions, traumatic lesions, foreign body reactions

A

non-plauw induced gingival lesions

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14
Q

specific causes of gingival inflammation

A

open contacts and sub gingival margins of restorations

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15
Q

gingivitis results from?

A

ulceration at the base of the sulcus

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16
Q

periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases associated with what?

A

hematological disorders like acquired neutropenia and leukemia

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17
Q

periodontitis associated with genetic disorders

A

familial and cyclic neutropenia, down syndrome, papillon leftover syndrome, chediak-higashi syndrome

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18
Q

microbes most often associated with NUP/NUG

A

spirochetes, fusobacterium, prevotella intermedia, porphyromonas gingivalis

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19
Q

common clinical findings of NUP/NUP

A

punched out papilla, (not hyperplasia!!!), pseudomembrane (may resemble desquamative disorders), fetid odor, pain, severe inflammation

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20
Q

type of dental abscess- results from injury to or infection of surface gingival tissue

A

gingival abscess

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21
Q

type of dental abscess- develops in inflamed dental follicular tissue overlying the crown of a partially erupted tooth

A

pericoronal abscess

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22
Q

type of dental abscess- results when infection spreads deep into periodontal pockets and drainage is blocked, may develop after periodontal debridement

A

peridontal abscess

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23
Q

type of dental abscess- results from pulp infection (usually secondary to tooth decay)

A

periapical abscess

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24
Q

what type of abscess needs an x-ray to be diagnosed?

A

periapical, not periodontal

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25
Q

mild pupal inflammation usually resulting from placement of deep restoration, associated with episodic temperature related pain which improves with deposition of reparative dentin, related to hyperemia

A

reversible pulpitis, “pulp hyperemia”

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26
Q

reversible inflammation of the gingiva, plaque accumulation related to development, usually chronic

A

gingivitis

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27
Q

type of gingivitis- paid development, obvious inflammation, pain

A

acute

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28
Q

type of gingivitis- slow development, may appear normal, may not cause pain

A

chronic

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29
Q

is marginal tissue stippled?

A

no

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30
Q

what is the hallmark sign of acute inflammation?

A

edema

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31
Q

most obvious result of vasodilation of the peripheral circulation?

A

edema

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32
Q

chronic inflammatory response, highly stippled due to increase in cellular and fibrous components (hallmark sign of chronic inflammatory state), may present with pallor

A

fibrotic

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33
Q

distinct rounding and enlargement of the gingival margins found in the acute inflammatory response; like a life saver

A

festooned

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34
Q

grow in environment containing atmospheric levels of O2

A

aerobic organisms

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35
Q

grow in environment which lacks O2, found in peril pockets and sulcus

A

anaerobic organisms

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36
Q

most common periopathogen

A

porphyromonas gingivalis

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37
Q

most commonly associated with periodontal inflammation during pregnancy

A

P. intermedia, C. rectus

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38
Q

most bacteria in a perio pocket are usually what shape

A

rods

39
Q

pellicle formation is derived from?

A

saliva “glycoprotein”

40
Q

what makes up the bulk of plaque?

A

extracellular matrix- hold bacteria together

41
Q

what type of plaque? densely intertwined, non motile, cocci and filaments, may become calculus

A

adherent plaque

42
Q

what type of plaque? motile rods, spirochetes, increases in acute infection

A

non adherent “plaktonic” plaque

43
Q

oral physiotherapy aid most suited for removal of loosely adherent plaque is?

A

oral irrigator

44
Q

bacterial product- associated with gram nematic bacteria, can harm PMNs

A

endotoxins

45
Q

bacterial product- bacterial waste product

A

exotoxins

46
Q

stage of periodontal lesion-

no clinical changes, vasodilation of small capillaries, increase in leukocytes (PMNs), increased gingival fluid flow

A

stage I- initial lesion (2-4 days)

47
Q

stage of periodontal lesion-
clinical signs of gingivitis appear, leukocyte infiltration into CT, sulcular lining develops rate pegs, collagen destruction, sulcular lining is ulcerated allowing for bleeding, PMNs in sulcus

A

stage II- gingivitis or early lesion (4-7 days)

48
Q

stage of periodontal lesion-
erythema of the ging as a result of capillary proliferation, color changes being, ging enlargement, plasma cells become prominent, widened intercellular spaces in pocket lining

A

steg III- established lesion (2-3 weeks) (variable time)

49
Q

stage of periodontal lesion-
transition from gingivitis to periodontitis, irreversible, 3 weeks to life, JE becomes detached from root surface as it migrates apically, osteoclasts, bone loss

A

stage IV- advanced lesion

50
Q

this immediately follows initial vasoconstriction in the acute inflammatory process

A

vasodilation

51
Q

movement of cells to the site of inflammation

A

chemotaxis

52
Q

most prevalent cell in acute inflammation

A

neutrophil

53
Q

most active cell in a perio pocket

A

PMN

54
Q

deficiency of neutrophils of PMNs

A

neutropenia

55
Q

best indicator of damage to peridontium, identifies distance from CEJ to base of sulcus

A

CAL

56
Q

can scaling in shallow pockets lead to loss of attachment?

A

yes

57
Q

furcation class- probe may enter furcation but cannot pass through

A

class II-moderate

58
Q

furcation class- probe does not enter furcation

A

class I- early or incipient

59
Q

furcation class- probe can pass through entire furcation

A

class III- severe

60
Q

furcation class- probe can pass through entire furcation and is visible clinically

A

class IV

61
Q

width of attached gingiva-where is it not calculated?

A

palatal surfaces

62
Q

crest of alveolar bone should be ____ mm apical to CEJ

A

1-2

63
Q

horizontal bone loss is indicated by what?

A

2mm reduction of bone height

64
Q

pocket- base of pocket is coronal tot eh alveolar bone, all gingival pockets

A

suprabony pocket

65
Q

pocket- base of pocket is apical to crest of alveolar bone

A

intrabony pocket

66
Q

excessive force on tooth with normal bone support

A

primary occlusal trauma

67
Q

normal or excessive force on tooth with loss of support

A

secondary occlusal trauma

68
Q

signs and symptoms of what?

increased mobility, tooth migration, sensitivity, radiographic widening of the PDL

A

occlusal trauma

69
Q

acute gingival condition- incubation 1 wk, fever, lymphadenopathy, pain

A

herpes

70
Q

acute gingival condition- erythematous halo, yellow or grey floor, painful, idiopathic, predisposing- HIV, smoking, sodium laurel sulfate

A

recurrent pathos stomatitis

71
Q

acute gingival condition- drug related (phenytoin, cyclosporine, nifedipine, or mouth breathing, perio inflammation, heredity, leukemia, hormonal imbalance

A

gingival enlargement

72
Q

acute gingival condition- enlargement due to an increase in cell size

A

hypertrophy

73
Q

acute gingival condition- enlargement due to an increase in cell #s, epilus, hereditary, neoplasm

A

hyperplasia

74
Q

vertical loss of tissue of papilla

A

Stillmans cleft

75
Q

tooth mobility- movability of crown .2-1 mm in horizontal direction

A

Class I

76
Q

tooth mobility- movability of crown over 1 mm in horizontal direction

A

class II

77
Q

tooth mobility- movability of tooth horizontally and vertically

A

class III

78
Q

how do you check mobility?

A

2 hard handled instruments- NOT fingers

79
Q

palpable vibration of root surfaces as the pt taps teeth together

A

fremitus

80
Q

is hairy leukoplakia associated with smoking?

A

no- black hairy tongue is

81
Q

marginal band, diffuse arrhythmia, non responsive, associated with HIV

A

LGE- linear gingival erythema

82
Q

most common surgical procedure to reduce pocket depths

A

gingivectomy

83
Q

what are used to increase apposition of incision edges and decrease distance that cells need to migrate in the wound healing process

A

sutures

84
Q

how many wall defect has best prognosis?

A

3 is best, 1 is bad

85
Q

what are perio dressing used for?

A

comfort, protection, tissue placement

86
Q

perio packs including ___ are irritating to gingival tissues

A

eugenol

87
Q

uses barrier membrane to block migration of epithelial cells

A

guided tissue regneration

88
Q

main reason peopler receive regenerative procedures

A

tx infrabony defects

89
Q

repair by formation of granulation tissue, remain in oral cavity usually involves this

A

fibrous repair

90
Q

cause inflammation, bronchoconstriction, airway obstruction, and increase cellular infiltration and cytokine release, derived form leukocytes,

A

leukotrienes

91
Q

cause swelling, pain, inflammation

A

PGs

92
Q

represents loss of alveolar bone that leaves characteristic oval root exposed defect from the CEJ apically, ging recession, alveolar bone loss, root exposure

A

dehiscence

93
Q

window of bone loss on the facial or lingual aspect of a tooth that places the exposed root surface directly in contact with gingival or mucosal tissue, bordered by alveolar bone along its coronal aspect

A

fenestration

Dental Hygiene Board Review (12 decks)

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