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US History - HSE Mama G > The Early Cold War > Flashcards

The Early Cold War Flashcards

1
Q

What term describes a state of hostility between two countries where there is no direct warfare, but each country tries to gain an advantage by influencing other nations, military build-up, threats, propaganda, etc.?

A

A Cold War

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2
Q

Name the causes of the Cold War.

A

Philosophical Differences - communism v. democracy
World War II Conflicts - timing of D-Day, US atomic bomb program
Post War Conflicts - no free elections in E. Europe; Soviet expansion, US policy of containment, Marshall Plan

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3
Q

How many occupation zones did the Allies agree to divide Germany into as WWII ended?

A

Four

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4
Q

What city in Germany divided in to occupation zones or ‘sectors’?

A

Berlin

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5
Q

What leader of the Soviet Union lowered “The Iron Curtain” and closed off his country and Eastern Europe from the democracies of the western world?

A

Stalin

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6
Q

What did the Truman Doctrine say?

A

It said that the US would support free people and countries that were trying to resist take over by communism.

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7
Q

Why was the Berlin Airlift necessary?

A

The Soviets had stopped all road, rail, and river transportation into the city, effectively blockading it from receiving any supplies. Stalin hoped to control the entire city.

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8
Q

What name was given to the US policy after WWII of trying to resist and control the spread of communism?

A

containment

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9
Q

Who was the leader who led a revolution in China and established a communist government there after defeating Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalists in 1949?

A

Mao Zedong

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10
Q

Who were the couple convicted and executed of spying for the Soviet Union in the US and giving them atomic bomb secrets?

A

Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

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11
Q

Who gave the famous “Iron Curtain” speech describing the way Stalin had divided Europe between communist and democratic nations?

A

Winston Churchill

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12
Q

What did Senator Joseph McCarthy do to promote the “Red Scare” in the US?

A

He made false accusations against US citizens, government officials, and military leaders of being communists.

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13
Q

Name two changes that President Truman made in the US military following WWII.

A

Integration of racial groups in the military

Women were made full members of the military branches

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14
Q

What did the GI Bill do for military servicemen after WWII ended?

A

Provided money for college, job training, low cost home loans, etc.

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15
Q

What military alliance was formed by the countries of Western Europe for mutual support and protection?

A

NATO

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16
Q

Why did the US send troops to fight on the Korean peninsula from 1950 to 1953?

A

The US fought to help the stop the spread of communism from North Korea into democratic South Korea.

17
Q

Who was the US general given command of the US troops fighting North Korea?

A

Douglas MacArthur

18
Q

What did General MacArthur and President Truman disagree about during the Korean War that eventually got him fired?

A

Invading China and use of atomic weapons

19
Q

What group of people was imprisoned for refusing to testify before the HUAC about their own political beliefs and those of coworkers?

A

The Hollywood Ten

20
Q

What alliance group was formed by the Soviet Union in 1955 including all the communist nations of Eastern Europe?

A

The Warsaw Pact

21
Q

What led to the beginning of the space race and the US creation of NASA?

A

The Soviet Union’s launch of the Sputnik satellite

22
Q

Why did the Soviet Union imprison US pilot Francis Gary Powers?

A

He was shot down in the U-2 spy plane flying over the Soviet Union

23
Q

Who was the communist dictator of Cuba the US was hoping would be removed from power with the Bay of Pigs Invasion?

A

Fidel Castro

24
Q

Who became the leader of the Soviet Union after Stalin’s death in 1953?

A

Nikita Khrushchev

25
Q

What did Khrushchev do in 1961 in an effort to prevent people from leaving East Germany and going to West Berlin?

A

Built the Berlin Wall

26
Q

What did the Soviet Union install in Cuba in 1962 that created an international crisis?

A

nuclear missiles and launching sites

27
Q

The Soviets were concerned about US nuclear missiles that were in what country near them?

A

Turkey

28
Q

Who was the leader of the Soviet Union during the Cuban Missile crisis?

A

Nikita Khrushchev

29
Q

Who did John Kennedy defeat to win the Election of 1960?

A

Richard Nixon

30
Q

What plan did the US create after WWII to give economic aid to countries of Europe for rebuilding and to hopefully stop the spread of communism into those countries?

A

The Marshall Plan

31
Q

What was job of the HUAC?

A

This Congressional committee was supposed to search for communists and others in American society that were involved in “Un-American” activities.

32
Q

What practice was instituted by the film industry and other industries working for the US government to condemn people suspected of being communists and keep them from employment?

A

blacklisting

33
Q

Which two communist countries in Eastern Europe saw uprisings of the citizens against communism and the Soviets used their military power to stop these revolutions?

A

Hungary and Poland

34
Q

Following the Cuban Missile Crisis, what do the US and the USSR create to provide an immediate form of communication in case of another nuclear crisis?

A

The Hot Line

35
Q

Describe the ways in which the Cold War was fought.

A

Arms Race, Space Race, espionage (spying), propaganda, trying to influence other countries (money OR military), sports competitions.

36
Q

How did the fears of the Cold War and the Red Scare affect the lives of everyday American citizens and the US government?

A

building bomb shelters, “duck and cover” drills, suspicion of coworkers or neighbors being communists, searching for ‘communists’ in the US military or government, blacklisting, etc.

37
Q

What did President Kennedy decide to do to force the Soviets to remove their missiles in Cuba?

A

naval blockade of the island - secretly promise to remove US missiles in Turkey.

38
Q

What name was given to Pres. Kennedy’s plan for strengthening conventional US military forces to give the US more options than only nuclear weapons?

A

flexible response

US History - HSE Mama G (3 decks)

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