Repeated Measures Designs

Question 1

What is a practice effect?

Answer 1

it is now impossible to have brighter or more motivated people in one condition vs. the other because we are using the SAME people for both conditions.

Question 2

What are some advantages of repeated measure designs?

Answer 2

Requires fewer participants
Greater sensitivity and power
More efficient
Can be compared

Question 3

What are some disadvantages of repeated measure designs?

Answer 3

Confounds may be eliminated, but practice effects can occur

Question 4

How can you control practice effects?

Answer 4

counterbalancing (balance the order of that conditions are administered

Question 5

What is a complete design?

Answer 5

Each participant completes all conditions several times in different orders each time
Conditions administered enough times to balance out practice effects

Question 6

What is block randomization?

Answer 6

Each block contains all conditions in random order

Size of block = number of conditions (in a random order)

Question 7

What is ABBA counterbalancing?

Answer 7

Conditions in one sequence and then in reverse

HH, SS, HS, SH, SH, HS, SS, HH

Question 8

ABBA is not effective if practice effects are ________

Answer 8

non-linear

Question 9

ABBA is not effective if abrupt initial changes are followed by _________ changes afterwards

Answer 9

little

Question 10

Recalling of disturbing images is an example of what?

Answer 10

Abrupt initial changes followed by little change afterwards

Question 11

What are anticipation effects?

Answer 11

Participant perceives pattern and changes response accordingly

Question 12

In a _________ ________, practice effects are balanced out for each participant by administering the conditions to each participant several times, using different orders each times

Answer 12

complete design

Question 13

In a(n) ____________ _________ the task is administered to participant only once in a single order

Answer 13

incomplete design

Question 14

In an incomplete design, practice effects are balanced _________ participants

Answer 14

across

Question 15

Even though in incomplete designs conditions are presented in different orders, participants only get assigned to one order. Why is that?

Answer 15

Each condition must appear in each ordinal position equally often

Question 16

What are the different types of counterbalancing using incomplete designs?

Answer 16

All possible orders
Latin square
Random starting order with rotation

Question 17

What are some advantages of incomplete designs?

Answer 17

Often more feasible than a complete design
If there are many conditions
When it doesn’t make sense to repeat conditions

Question 18

What are some disadvantages of incomplete designs?

Answer 18

An individual participant’s responses cannot be interpreted

At least one participant must complete each order in any design

Question 19

Describe all possible orders counterbalancing?

Answer 19

Each participant randomly assigned to one of all possible orders

Question 20

What is an issue with all possible orders counterbalancing?

Answer 20

there are N! possible orders, so must have at least N! participants

Question 21

Describe random starting order with rotation?

Answer 21

Start with a random order, then for each row, rotate one to the left to N rows (like in volleyball)

Question 22

What is differential transfer?

Answer 22

A problem in some repeated measures designs

Performance on one condition is dependent on the condition that precedes it

Question 23

If differential transfer is a possibility, should you still use repeated measures?

Answer 23

No, use independent groups. Test for differential transfer by comparing results of repeated measures and independent groups.

Question 24

Describe the first study and findings in the journal article (about how well women can tell if a man is gay or straight)

Answer 24

We examined heterosexual women’s accuracy in judging male sexual orientation across the fertility cycle and found that women’s accuracy was significantly greater the nearer they were to peak ovulation.

Question 25

Describe study 2 of the article

Answer 25

In contrast, women’s accuracy was not related to their fertility when they judged the sexual orientations of other women (Study 2).

Question 26

What is the hypothesis used for the 3rd study in the article?

Answer 26

Increased sexual interest brought about by the increased likelihood of conception near ovulation may therefore influence women’s sensitivity to male sexual orientation.

Question 27

Describe the 3rd study in the article.

Answer 27

Women primed with romantic thoughts showed significantly greater accuracy in their categorizations of male sexual orientation (but not female sexual orientation) compared with women who were not primed.