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ENT > ENT Emergencies > Flashcards

ENT Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of emergency airway obstruction

A

Epiglotitis
Retropharyngeal abscess (complication - mediastinitis)
Ludwigs angina - cellulitis of floor of mouth
Angiodema - hereditary, ACEi, hypersensitivity

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2
Q

How does mastoiditis develop

A

2ndry to AOM
Direct spread to bone or
Indirect via emissary vein of mastoid

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3
Q

Management of mastoiditis

A

CT brain
Abx
+- surgery

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4
Q

Diff for mastoiditis

A

Post auricular lymphadenitis

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5
Q

Common site for epistaxis

A 
kieselbachs plexus (anterior)
Littles area
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6
Q

Rx for anterior bleeds

A 
Abc 
Compression
Cautery (silver nitrate)
Decongestants
Topical Abx
Bed rest

In posterior add nasal packing and spa ligation if needed

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7
Q

When to manipulate nasal fracture deformity

A

5 days to 2 weeks

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8
Q

Sign for oesophageal perf form foreign body

A

Para vertebral air

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9
Q

Acute management of stridor

A 
Abc
Adrenalin neb
Oxygen
Calm
Refer
Est diagnosis
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10
Q

Common causes for upper airway obstruction in children

A
  • adenotonsillar hypertrophy
  • retropharyngeal abscess
  • epiglottitis
  • foreign body
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11
Q

Procedure for long uvula

A
  • partial uvulectomy

- uvulapalatopharyngoplasty

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12
Q

Features of Ramsy-Hunt syndrome

A
  • pain
  • CN VII palsy
  • sensorineural hearing loss
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13
Q

Complications of a quinsy

A
  • airway obstruction

- deep neck space abscess

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14
Q

Complications of EBV

A
  • bacterial superinfection
  • hepatitis
  • thrombocytopaenia
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15
Q

Complications of diptheria

A
  • airway obstruction

- myocarditis

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16
Q

Where are papillomas found?

A
  • nostrils

- larynx

17
Q

Stridor

A

Noisy breathing due to air flow changes within larynx, trachea or bronchi

18
Q

Stertor

A

Noisy breathing due to obstruction of airway above larynx, produced by vibrations of tissue of nasopharynx, pharynx or soft palate

19
Q

Treatment of stridor

A
  • nebulised adrenalise
  • oxygen
  • calm environment
  • emergency referral
  • establish diagnosis
20
Q

Symptoms of epiglottitis

A
  • prefer to sit
  • muffled voice
  • dysphagia
  • drooling
  • restlessness
21
Q

Symptoms of retropharyngeal abscess

A
  • pain
  • dysphagia
  • dyspnoea
  • fever
22
Q

Complication of retropharyngeal abscess

A

Mediastinitis

23
Q

What is Ludwig’s angina?

A
  • rapidly progressive cellulitis of floor of the mouth
  • usually in elderly debilitated patients
  • precipitated by dental procedures
24
Q

Treatment of Ludwig’s angina

A
  • ICU
  • antibiotics
  • airway management
25
Q

Definition of mastoiditis

A

Inflammation and osteitis within the mastoid air cell system or periosteitis of the mastoid process

26
Q

How does the mastoid become infected?

A
  • direct bone erosion through the cortex

- indirectly through the emissary vein of the mastoid

27
Q

Symptoms of mastoiditis

A
  • otaliga
  • otorrhoea
  • fever
  • irritability
  • post-auricular swelling
28
Q

Places where facial nerve palsies can originate

A
  • ear
  • parotid gland
  • parapharyngeal
  • skull base
  • temporal bone trauma
29
Q

Treatment of idiopathic facial nerve palsy

A
  • consider steroids
  • eye care
  • ENT OPD appointment
30
Q

Organisms responsible for chondritis

A
  • S. aureus
  • pseudomonas
    (inflammatory causes related to seronegative arthritis may be indistinguishable from infection - ear lobe usually spared)
31
Q

Arteries making up Keiselbachs plexus

A
  • anterior ethmoid artery
  • posterior ethmoid artery
  • spheno-palatine artery
  • greated palatine artery
  • septal branch of superior labial artery
32
Q

What to do if you suspect large foreign body

A
  • barium swallow

ENT (4 decks)

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