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Semester 2 PM Exam 6 > Ultrasound 1 > Flashcards

Ultrasound 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition

A

High frequency mechanical waves

Non ionizing

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2
Q

Frequency

Therapeutic

A

Freq greater than 20,000 Hz

Therapeutic in PT = 1 MHz, 2MHz, or 3 MHz level

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3
Q

kHz Ultrasound

A

22.5, 25, 35, and 40
AKA low frequency ultrasound
Causes fragmentation of tissue

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4
Q

kHz Ultrasound - PT use

A

Used for wound debridement and to enhance tissue healing

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5
Q

Rehab Ultrasound Imaging (RUSI)

A

The use of ultrasound to evaluate muscle and soft tissue function during exercise and physical tasks
Used to assist in application of therapeutic interventions aimed at improving neuromuscular function

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6
Q

Diagnositc Ultrasound Unit - Pulser

A

2 to 15 MHz

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7
Q

Diagnositc Ultrasound Unit - Ultrasound Transducer

A

Delivers sound to tissue and receives the reflected energy

Array of crystals in either linear or curvilinear configuration

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8
Q

Diagnositc Ultrasound Unit - Scan converter

A

Changes signal from analog to digital, also apmlifies and adjusts the signal to noise ratio

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9
Q

Frequency

A

A wave - one cycle of a wave
From peak to peak
# of oscillations/sec of a molecule

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10
Q

Frequency and depth of penetration of the sound wave

A

The higher the f, the less depth
The lower the f, the deeper the sound wave will penetrate tissue
Inverse relationship
1 MHz travels deeper than 3 MHz

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11
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance between 2 successive peaks in a pressure wave

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12
Q

Wavelength time delay associated with

A

oscillation of molecules develops
Periods of condensation (compression)
Periods of rarefaction (less pressure going through)

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13
Q

Wavelength - vibration

A

Finite period of time from one molecule causing another molecule to vibrate

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14
Q

Phase shift

A

Molecules will vibrate asychnonously or be out of phase and the time delay s called phase shift
There is equal phase shift btw each of the successive molecules in sound propagation

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15
Q

Velocity

A

SPeed at which the vibratory motion moves through a substance

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16
Q

Velocity =

A

Frequency x Wavelength

17
Q

The more rigid the material…

A

The greater the velocity

This feature is primarily used for diagnostic imagine

18
Q

Air - velocity

A

air has a slow velocity - does not propgate sound almost at all

19
Q

Amplitude

A

The higher the amplitude, the more energy that is being delivered

20
Q

We measure amplitude with

A

power and intensity

21
Q

Power

A

the total amount of energy from the transducer measured in Watts

22
Q

Intensity

A

total divided by the effective radiating surface (ERA) measured ing watts/cm2

23
Q

Intensity =

A

power/ERA

24
Q

Ultrasound units

A

Give Watts as well as Watts/cm2

25
Q

Why is it important to treat your patient with the same machine

A

Because ultrasound machines will have different outputs

26
Q

Power and intensity

A

Power is unevenly distributed throughout the beam

Different intensity measures can be used to determine the output

27
Q

Spacial Average Intensity

A

Average intensity of ultrasound over the area of the transducer

28
Q

Production of ultrasound

A

Transducer (takes one energy and transforms it to another - electricity into sound)
Piezoelectric effects

29
Q

Piezoelectric Effects - Direct

A

Generation of electric voltage due to compression or expansion of crystal

30
Q

Piezoelectric Effects - Reverse or Indirect

A

Generation of sound wave due to application of electrical current on crystal
Put electricity in and get sound out

31
Q

Effective radiating area

A

the actual delivery point - the crystal section where the energy is being delivered
Area of clinically effective energy delivery
Less than sound head size

32
Q

Condensation and Rarefaction

A

Releases energy
Energy that it releases is in the form of heat
This is how ultrasound can have a thermal effect

33
Q

Propagation of Sound waves - Longitudinal

A

parallel to the line of propagation

34
Q

Propagation of sound waves - Transverse

A

Perpendicular to the line of propagation

35
Q

Bone

A

Bone does not propagate the wave in a longitudinal fashion - it will move out as a transverse wave - periosteum covers bone and has strong blood and nerve supply, you can produce periosteal pain very easily with ultrasound unit

Semester 2 PM Exam 6 (10 decks)

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