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Block 4 - Servers > 4A > Flashcards

4A Flashcards

1
Q

Successful operation of the Active Directory Forest depends on clients and services being able to locate domain controllers. The success of the domain controller’s location depends on the
registration of information in the Domain Name System (DNS) and the availability of that information. Active Directory uses DNS to locate networked computers by resolving computer names to ___ ___.

A

IP addresses

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2
Q

DNS associates ___ ___ with their IP address so if a system or process has one or the other then a proper line of communication can be established.

A

object names

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3
Q

DNS is an ____ ____ for a network using Active Directory.

A

essential service

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4
Q

DNS can be installed on the same system as the Domain Controller or on a different system. If there is not already a DNS server in place, it can be created ___ when you install Active Directory services.

A

automatically

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5
Q

DNS is ____ to the proper operation of Windows® Server, providing name resolution for objects located in the Active Directory domain.

A

integral

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6
Q

The definition of the term domain depends on its context. In the context of DNS, a domain is a ___ ___ within DNS namespace. Do not confuse this with a Windows® server domain which is an administrative group of network devices, services, and users

A

system’s location

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7
Q

DNS resolves ___ ___ to IP addresses. ____ ____ are much easier for people to remember than IP addresses when trying to connect to another system

A

host names

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8
Q

In simplest terms, if a computer cannot access DNS, then the Web browser will not be able to find Web sites and you will not be able to…?

A

send or receive email

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9
Q

What are the domain name system components?

A

Resolvers
Resource Records
Name Servers

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10
Q

Abstractly, a resolver is any host or client on the Internet needing to look up…?

A

domain name information

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11
Q

More concretely, a resolver is software running on a TCP/IP host that enables the host to ___ ___ ___ ____ to resolve a host name into its associated IP address.

A

query a name server

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12
Q

The resolver client is built into TCP/IP applications such as:

A
  • HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol).
  • Web browsers (Google Chrome).
  • Email clients (Outlook).
  • Any other programs requiring name-to-IP address resolution to enable communication on the network and the Internet.
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13
Q

The resolver software enables the host to formulate and send a query to the name server, interpret the response from the name server, and pass this information to the program that…?

A

initially called the resolver software

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14
Q

A resource record is an ___ ____ in a DNS database that contains information about domain names in the DNS.

A

individual entry

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15
Q

There are billions of resource records making up the DNS and these
are contained within millions of files called _____.

A

zones

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16
Q

A zone represents:

A
  • a network
  • its location on the Internet
  • its structure
  • it identifies the hosts (aka nodes) residing within the network
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17
Q

___ within the DNS database file match up host names and IP addresses for nodes on a network. The resolver uses these records to match up the host name to IP address.

A

Records

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18
Q

A Record Type A does what?

A

Maps the IP address to the host name

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19
Q

These zones are kept on authoritative ___ ___ distributed all over the Internet

A

Name Servers

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20
Q

Name servers are an essential component of the DNS, which provide the ____ of all hosts on the Internet or on a private TCP/IP internetwork.

A

namespace

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21
Q

Because of name servers, when you want to access or reference a host on a TCP/IP network, you can use its friendly ___ ___ instead of its IP address, which is generally harder to remember.

A

DNS name

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22
Q

What kind of servers fall under the Name Serve role?

A
  • Primary name server- Contains the master copy of the zone file for the zones it has authority over.
  • Secondary name server- Obtains its zone files using a zone transfer from a master name server.
  • Master name server- Provides zone information to secondary name servers.
  • Caching-only name server- Does not contain any zone information.
23
Q

DNS has a hierarchical inverted tree structure. The DNS hierarchical inverted tree structure is called the…?

A

DNS namespace

24
Q

The tree is subdivided into ___. A zone is a part of the DNS namespace for which a DNS server is responsible.

A

zones

25
Q

Zones are created to store the ___ ___ and sub-domains from each domain on the DNS server.

A

DNS records

26
Q

A zone is a part of the DNS namespace for which a DNS server is
responsible. When a zone is created, you designate whether it will hold records for ___ ___ or ___ ___.

A

forward lookups or reverse lookups

27
Q

The most common task a DNS server performs is resolving a hostname to an IP address. This is called a…?

A

forward lookup

28
Q

Resolving hostnames within an organization is a ___ ___ ___.

A

two-packet process

29
Q

The first packet is a request from the DNS client to the DNS server containing the ___ ___ ___ ___. The second packet is the response from the server to the client containing the IP address of the requested hostname.

A

hostname to be resolved

30
Q

The server must have at least one forward lookup database (known as the ___ ___ ___) to function properly.

A

Primary Zone Database

31
Q

In addition to resolving hostnames to IP addresses, DNS can also be used to resolve IP addresses to hostnames. This is called a…?

A

reverse lookup

32
Q

A reverse lookup allows you to specify an IP address and the DNS server returns the ___ defined for it.

A

hostname

33
Q

Reverse lookup zones are ___ ___ for DNS operation but come in handy when troubleshooting and are required in certain security applications such as implementing authentication of email traffic sources.

A

not required

34
Q

For fault tolerance and to reduce network traffic, it is often useful to keep copies of DNS domain information on more than one server. If you store DNS information on multiple servers, it is essential these servers automatically synchronize information between them. If the information between multiple DNS servers gets out of synchronization, then replication of Active Directory may be affected, and clients may be prevented from logging on to the network. From an administrative point of view, it is convenient to automate this process to save time and effort. ___ and ___ zones are traditionally used to automatically synchronize DNS information between DNS servers.

A

Primary and secondary zones

35
Q

This is the master copy of the zone database file. It is located on the primary DNS server for a particular zone and is stored as a standard text file

A

Primary Zone Database

36
Q

This is a copy of the primary zone database. The ___ zone database is stored as a read-only text file on a secondary DNS server and can only be updated by the primary DNS server through a process known as a zone transfer.

A

Secondary Zone Database

37
Q

The process of moving information from the primary zone to the secondary zone is called a ___ ___.

A

zone transfer

38
Q

This process will copy the entire zone database every time the secondary zone synchronizes with the primary zone.

A

zone transfer

39
Q

A DNS query (also known as a ____) is simply the technical term used to refer to a name-to-IP address (forward lookup) or IP address-to-name resolution (reverse lookup) request.

A

lookup

40
Q

What are the two DNS query types?

A

Recursive Query
Iterative Query
Non-Recursive Query

41
Q

In a ___ ___, a DNS client provides a hostname, and the DNS resolver “must” provide an answer—it responds with either a relevant resource record, or an error message if it can’t be found.

A

Recursive query

42
Q

In an ___ ___, a DNS client provides a hostname, and the DNS
resolver returns the best answer it can. If the DNS resolver has the relevant DNS records in its cache, it returns them. If not, it refers the DNS client to the root server, or another authoritative name server which is nearest to the required DNS zone. The DNS client must then repeat the query directly against the DNS server it was referred to.

A

Iterative Query

43
Q

A ___-___ ___ is a query in which the DNS resolver already knows the answer. It either immediately returns a DNS record because it already stores it in local cache or queries a DNS name server which is authoritative for the record, meaning it holds the correct IP for that hostname. In both cases, there is no need for additional rounds of
queries (like in recursive or iterative queries). Rather, a response is immediately returned to the client.

A

Non-recursive query

44
Q

The DNS namespace is hierarchical in structure beginning with the ___ ___, which branches to top-level domains, then second-level domains, and so on to the individual host name.

A

root domain

45
Q

The root consists of ___ name servers, located world-wide. These servers form the upper-most layer of the DNS namespace.

A

13

46
Q

The next layer is known as the ___-___ domain. Again, this layer
is made up of many more DNS name servers providing name resolutions for .com, .edu, .gov, .net, etc.

A

top-level domain

47
Q

Although there is no limit to the number of domains levels in the DNS namespace, most domain names typically stop at the ___-___ domain.

A

second-level domain

48
Q

What does DHCP stand for?

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

49
Q

DHCP is designed to reduce configuration time for TCP/IP networks by ___ ___ IP addresses to clients during the logon process (dynamic IP address assignment).

A

automatically assigning IP addresses

50
Q

This software program manages IP address allocation for the network

A

DHCP

51
Q

DHCP is a client-server protocol that uses…?

A

DHCP servers and clients

52
Q

A DHCP server is a machine that runs a service that can ___ ____ IP addresses and other TCP/IP information to any client that requests them.

A

lease out IP addresses

53
Q

The DHCP server typically has a pool of IP addresses (known as a
______) that it is allowed to distribute to clients.

A

scope

54
Q

These clients lease an IP address from the pool for a specific period, usually several days. Once the lease is ready to expire, the client contacts the server to arrange for _______.

A

renewal

Block 4 - Servers (13 decks)

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