4A - Flavoring

Question 1

Flavours involves combination of what?

Answer 1

taste
smell
touch
sight

Question 2

Is a taste map a real thing?

Answer 2

-no, it’s a misconception that the tongue has specific zones for each flavor

Question 3

Describe the myth of the tongue map

Answer 3

back tastes bitter
back sides taste sour
front sides taste salt
tip of tongue tastes sweet

Question 4

What are taste papillae

Answer 4

They are wart-like bumps under the mucous membrane of the tongue

Question 5

What do taste papillae do?

Answer 5

increase surface area of the tongue and contain sensory cells arranged to look like a bud

Question 6

Receptors for sweet, bitter, and umami are ??

Answer 6

G protein-coupled receptors

Question 7

Receptor for salty is ??

Answer 7

Na+ channel

Question 8

Receptor for sour is ??

Answer 8

unknown

Question 9

Children like ___-flavored products

Answer 9

fruit

Question 10

Adults prefer ____-flavored products

Answer 10

acidic (sour)

Question 11

Elders like ____-flavored products

Answer 11

mint

Question 12

Sweet taste is associated with ____ groups

Answer 12

hydroxyl

Question 13

____ are also very sweet

Answer 13

Imides

Question 14

Sour taste is associated with presence of ??

Answer 14

H+ ions

resulting from dissociation of acids like citric acid

Question 15

Salty tastes associated with ??

Answer 15

inorganic salts

Question 16

What is bitter taste brought on by?

Answer 16

fundamentally different substances

Question 17

Bitterness often seen with ____ functional groups

Answer 17

amine

Question 18

Umami taste caused by?

Answer 18

glutamic acid or aspartic acid

Question 19

Is hot a taste?

Answer 19

No it’s a pain signal/response

Question 20

Possible flavours to hide or support taste for Salty:

Answer 20

citrus, fruit, butterscotch, maple

Question 21

Possible flavours to hide or support taste for Bitter:

Answer 21

wild cherry, walnut, chocolate-mint, liquorice, chocolate

Question 22

Possible flavours to hide or support taste for Sweet:

Answer 22

fruit, berry, vanilla

Question 23

Possible flavours to hide or support taste for Acid:

Answer 23

citrus, fruit

Question 24

When would an artificial sweetener be better than a sweetening agent?

Answer 24

If the sweetening agent raises blood sugar or increases caloric intake

Question 25

Some antibiotics can cause a ____ taste

Answer 25

metallic

Question 26

ACE inhibitors can cause what tastes?

Answer 26

metallic sweet salty

Question 27

Taste buds require ___ as a cofactor

Answer 27

zinc

Question 28

____ __________ can chelate zinc and prevent it from interacting with the receptors on the taste buds

Answer 28

ACE inhibitors (ex. captopril)

Question 29

____-_____ drugs can bind zinc and lead to altered taste sensation

Answer 29

anti-thyroid (ex. propylthiouracil)

Question 30

How can calcium channel blockers affect taste?

Answer 30

(ex. nifedipine) can alter taste perhaps by inhibition of calcium channels right at the taste receptors

Question 31

____ is needed to dissolve food so that it can interact with taste receptors so any drug that causes a dry mouth can impair taste bud function

Answer 31

saliva

Question 32

The sleeping aid zopiclone causes a _____ taste in a bout 30% of people

Answer 32

metallic

Question 33

With age, the number of taste buds is ____ meaning taste problems can be more noticeable in older people

Answer 33

reduced

Question 34

Part of taste is aroma, so for example a cold, can plug the nose and ____ taste sensation

Answer 34

reduce

Question 35

Mouth infections can also be problematic for taste

Answer 35

okay

Question 36

Commonly used artificial sweetening agents include ?

Answer 36

stevia aspartame acesulfame saccharin

Question 37

What can sodium chloride do?

Answer 37

reduce sourness and/or bitterness

Question 38

Fruit flavours can be enhanced by the addition of ?

Answer 38

citric acid

Question 39

Dogs and cats like salty tastes so adding ____ ____ can be helpful

Answer 39

sodium chloride